Cephem compounds

ABSTRACT

Broad spectrum antibiotics are provided which are compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R 4  is a residue of a nucleophilic compound and R 5  is hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a division of Ser. No. 674,364, abandoned, filedNov. 26, 1984, which is a continuation of now abandoned Ser. No.191,934, filed Sept. 29, 1980, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser.No. 71,032, filed Aug. 28, 1979, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,606, grantedNov. 3, 1981, which is a division of now abandoned Ser. No. 900,233,filed Apr. 26, 1978, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No.642,356, filed Dec. 19, 1975, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,098,888, granted July4, 1978.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Broad spectrum antibiotics are provided which are compounds of theformula: ##STR2## wherein R⁴ is a residue of a nucleophilic compound andR⁵ is hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt or ester thereof. As the pharmaceutically acceptable ester theremay be mentioned alkoxymethyl, α-alkoxy-α-substituted methyl,alkylthiomethyl, acyloxymethyl and α-acyloxy-α-substituted methyl4-carboxy esters. The protected hydroxyl group can be a lower alkoxy,particularly methoxy.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While the cephem nucleus may be completely unsubstituted and indeedexperimental work has confirmed this fact for compounds whichincorporate applicant's 7-acylamino head (IA), the detailed descriptionwhich follows is directed to one preferred group of cephem compounds:##STR3## wherein R¹ represents amino or hydroxyl group which may beprotected, R² represents amino or hydroxyl group or a group convertibleinto these groups, R³ represents hydrogen or methoxy group or a groupconvertible into methoxy group, R⁴ represents hydrogen or a residue of anucleophilic compound and R⁸ represents hydrogen or a halogen, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, intermediarycompounds therefor, and to processes for preparing these compounds.

One method of synthesizing cephem compounds (I) is by reacting acompound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R³ and R⁴ are as defined aboveor a salt or ester thereof, with a compound of the formula: ##STR5##wherein R¹, R² and R⁸ are as defined above or a reactive derivativethereof, or reducing a compound of the formula: ##STR6## wherein R⁵represents hydroxyl group which may be protected and each of othersymbols has the same meaning as defined above or a salt or esterthereof, or reacting a compound of the formula: ##STR7## wherein R⁶represents an acyloxy, carbamoyloxy group or a halogen and each of othersymbols has the same meaning as defined above or a salt or esterthereof, with a nucleophilic compound.

Compounds of the formula: ##STR8## wherein the symbols have the samemeanings as defined above, or a salt or ester thereof, which comprisesreducing a compound of the formula: ##STR9## wherein R⁵ representshydroxyl group which may be protected and each of other symbols has thesame meaning as defined above, or a salt or ester thereof, followed by,if necessary, removal of the protective group.

Compounds of the formula: ##STR10## wherein R¹ represents amino orhydroxyl which may be protected and other symbols have the same meaningsas defined below or a salt or ester thereof, are prepared by reacting acompound of the formula: ##STR11## wherein X means a halogen and, when Yis hydrogen, Z means amino group which may be protected or Y and Ztogether represent a group of the formula:

    ═NR.sup.5

(R⁵ is hydroxyl group which may be protected) or a salt or ester thereofand a compound of the formula: ##STR12## wherein R¹² represents a loweralkoxy group or amino group which may be protected, followed by, ifnecessary, removal of the protective group.

A process is provided for preparing a compound of the formula: ##STR13##wherein the symbol has the same meaning as defined above or a salt orester thereof, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula:##STR14## wherein the symbol has the same meaning as defined above or asalt or ester thereof, with a diazotizing reagent.

In the cephem compounds [I], the symbol R¹ represents amino or hydroxylgroup, or protected amino or hydroxyl group. The protected amino groupmeans an amino group protected with such easily removable protectivegroups of amino group as usually employed in the peptide chemistry,which are exemplified by an alkylcarbonyl group such as formyl, acetyl,propionyl, etc., an alkoxycarbonyl group such as t-butoxycarbonyl, etc.,an alkoxyalkylcarbonyl group such as methoxyacetyl, methoxypropionyl,etc., a substituted alkoxycarbonyl group such astrichloroethoxycarbonyl, etc., a substituted alkylcarbonyl such asmonochloromethylcarbonyl, monochloroethylcarbonyl,dichloromethylcarbonyl, dichloroethylcarbonyl, trichloromethylcarbonyl,trichloroethylcarbonyl, trichloropropylcarbonyl, etc., anaralkyloxycarbonyl group such as benzyloxycarbonyl, etc., a substitutedaralkyloxycarbonyl group such as p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, etc. or aminogroup protected with proton. The protected hydroxyl group means ahydroxyl group protected with easily removable protective group ofhydroxyl group. Such easily removable protective group of hydroxyl groupmay be exemplified by e.g. an acyl group such as formyl, acetyl,chloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, methoxyacetyl, phenoxyacetyl, benzoyl,benzoylformyl, p-nitrobenzoyl, ethoxycarbonyl,β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, β,β,β-tribromoethoxycarbonyl,p-nitrophenoxycarbonyl, etc., an easily removable protective group underrelatively mild conditions such as tetrahydropyranyl,tetrahydrothiofuranyl, methoxytetrahydropyranyl, etc. The symbol R²represents amino or hydroxyl group or a group convertible into thesegroups. The latter group includes those convertible into amino orhydroxyl group by e.g. reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis, etc. employingmild conditions which do not affect the cephem ring, as well as theprotected amino or hydroxyl groups mentioned above. As the groupconvertible into amino or hydroxyl group, the suitable examples are thesame as that of the protected amino or hydroxyl group as mentioned inthe symbol R¹, or a group of the formula;

    ═NR.sup.5

wherein R⁵ is hydroxyl group which may be protected as examplifiedbelow. In case of R² being a group of the formula; ═NR⁵, the cephemcompounds (I) may be shown by the formula; ##STR15## wherein the symbolshave the same meaning as defined above. The symbol R³ means hydrogen,methoxy group or a group convertible into methoxy group. As the groupconvertible into methoxy group, there may be employed such ones whichare converted into methoxy group by the reaction with methanol asmethylthio, methylseleno, etc. The symbol R⁸ represents hydrogen, or ahalogen such as chlorine, bromine, etc. As the substituents at3-position of the cephem compounds, there may be generally employed suchones as found in the corresponding moiety of cephalosporins produced byfermentation or as easily derivable therefrom. Therefore, thesubstituents may be exemplified by e.g. the formula: --CH₂ R⁴. Theresidue of nucleophilic compound shown by the symbol R⁴ may be cyano,azido, amino, N-alkylamino (e.g. N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino,N-ethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N-propylamino, etc.), hydroxyphenyl, atertiary ammonium group or a group of the formula;

    --W--R

wherein W represents oxygen or sulfur atom and R represents hydrogen,carbamoyl, N-alkylcarbamoyl, thiocarbamoyl, N-alkylthiocarbamoyl, anacyl, sulfamoyl, alkylsulfonyl or hetero ring. The typical residue ofnucleophilic compound may be exemplified by hydroxyl, mercapto, cyano,azido, amino, carbamoyloxy, carbamoylthio or thiocarbamoyloxy group, orthose substituted with alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.), acyloxy(e.g. acetyloxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, benzoyloxy,p-chlorobenzoyloxy, p-methylbenzoyloxy, etc.), or a tertiary ammoniumgroup, or hydroxyphenyl, sulfamoyloxy, an alkylsulfonyloxy,(cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)phosphono, etc. Furthermore, the symbol R⁴ maypreferably represent a mercapto group substituted with a hetero ringwhich may be 5- or 6-member one containing one to four hetero atomsselected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. Thehetero ring is exemplified by a 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroring e.g. pyridyl, N-oxido-pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl,N-oxido-pyridazinyl, etc. a 5-membered nitrogen-containing hetero ringe.g. pyrazolyl, imidazolyl thiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl,1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl,1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl,1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-tetrazolyl,2H-tetrazolyl, etc. and others. Each of these hetero ring may be furthersubstituted and, as the substitutents, there may be mentioned forexample, lower alkyls such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc., loweralkoxyls such as methoxy, ethoxy, etc., halogens such as chlorine,bromine, etc., halogen substituted alkyls such as trifluoromethyl,trichloroethyl, etc., amino, mercapto, hydroxyl, carbamoyl, or carboxylgroup, etc. The tertiary ammonium group represented by R⁴ may beexemplified by e.g. pyridinium, 3-methylpyridinium, 4-methylpyridinium,3-chloropyridinium, 3-bromopyridinium, 3-iodopyridinium,4-carbamoylpyridinium, 4-(N-hydroxymethylcarbamoyl)pyridinium,4-(N-carbomethoxycarbamoyl)pyridinium, 4-(N-cyanocarbamoyl)pyridinium,4-(carboxymethyl)pyridinium, 4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium,4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridinium, quinolinium, picolinium, lutidium, etc.Alternatively, 2-carboxyethenyl, chloro, methoxy group etc. may besubstituted instead of the group represented by the formula; --CH₂ R⁴.The sulfur atom in the cephem ring may be oxido-type. The carboxyl groupat 4-position of the cephem ring may be free type, or salts withnontoxic cation such as sodium, potassium or the like; a basic aminoacid such as arginine, ornithine, lysine, histidine or the like; or apolyhydroxyalkylamine such as N-methylglucamine, diethanolamine,triethanolamine, trishydroxymethylaminomethane or the like.Alternatively, the carboxyl group may be a biologically active esterderivative, said ester derivatives being conducive to, for instance, anincreased blood level or/and a longer duration of activity. As the esterresidues of use for this purpose, there may be mentioned, for example,alkoxymethyl and α-alkoxyethyl and other α-alkoxy-α-substituted methylgroups, e.g. methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, isopropoxymethyl,α-methoxyethyl, α-ethoxyethyl, etc.; alkylthiomethyl groups, e.g.methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl, isopropylthiomethyl, etc.; andacyloxymethyl and α-acyloxy-α-substituted methyl groups, e.g.pivaloyloxymethyl, α-acetoxybutyl, etc.

Thus, the preferable examples of the present cephem compounds (I) may bethe compounds that the group --CH₂ R⁴ means methyl, acetoxymethyl,(1-methyl-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl, (1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)thiomethyl,(2-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)thiomethyl, etc. These compounds (I) areall novel and useful as antibiotics. Like the known cephalosporins orpenicillins, the contemplated compounds (I) of this invention can eachbe administered in the forms of injection, capsules, tablets, granules,solutions, suspensions, solid forms, if necessary, with aphysiologically acceptable carrier or excipient in accordance with theestablished pharmaceutical procedure. The contemplated compounds of thisinvention, such as sodium7α-methoxy-7β-(2-aminothiazol-4-ylglycylamido)-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid may be injected intramuscularly at a daily dose level of about 5 to20 mg./kg. human body weight in 3 to 4 divided dose per day and areeffective against respiratory-organ infections, urinary-tractinfections, etc. And, the compounds (I) show strong antibioticproperties against a wide variety of microorganisms includinggram-positive or negative bacteria, even by oral administration.

The cephem compounds (I) of the present invention can be prepared bye.g. the following processes:

(a) Reaction of compounds (V) and (VI).

The carboxyl group of the starting compounds (VI) of this reaction maybe used as a salt form with alkali metals, organic amines such assodium, potassium, triethylamine, etc., or as an ester form which can beeasily converted into free carboxyl group by mild treatment with an acidor alkali, or by reduction, the ester being exemplified by e.g. withβ-methylsulfonylethyl, trimethylsilyl, dimethylsilenyl, benzhydryl,β,β,β-trichloroethyl, phenacyl, p-methoxybenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl,methoxymethyl, etc. As the reactive derivatives of the other startingcompounds (V), there may be employed acid halide, acid anhydride, mixedacid anhydride, cyclic carboxy-anhydride, active amide, ester, etc.,thereof.

This reaction can be conducted advantageously and smoothly in thepresence of a solvent. As said solvent, use may be made of the commonsolvents and their mixtures unless such solvents do not interfere withthe present reaction. There may be mentioned, therefore, such solventsas water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, chloroform,dichloromethane, dichloroethylene, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide,dimethylsulfoxide, etc. This reaction may proceed more advantageouslywhen to the solvent there is added a base such as pyridine,triethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, sodium hydrogen carbonate, etc. Thequantity of the base to be added is 100-300%, desirably 100-200% of thatof the starting compounds (V). While the reaction temperature isvirtually optional, the reaction usually is carried out under cooling orat room temperature. The reaction is generally completed within severalminutes to several hours.

If necessary, thus obtained compounds are subjected to removal of theprotective group and/or conversion of the convertible group. The removalof the protective group of amino group may be conducted, for example, byacid treatment for t-outoxycarbonyl, etc., by a treatment with zinc andan acid for β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, etc. by catalytic reductionfor p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, etc. The protective groups of hydroxylgroup are removed, for example, by potassium hydrogen carbonate inaqueous methanol for formyl or trifluoroacetyl, etc., by dilutedhydrochloric acid treatment, for tetrahydropyranyl, etc., by zinc and anacid treatment for β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, etc. The esterresidues of the carboxylic acids are removed, for example, by acidtreatment for benzhydryl, p-methoxybenzyl, etc., by alkali treatment forβ-methylsulfonylethyl, etc., by aqueous treatment for trimethylsilyl,dimethylsilenyl, etc., by zinc-an acid treatment forβ,β,β-trichloroethyl, etc., by reduction for p-nitrobenzyl, etc. Themethylthio or methylseleno group etc. may be converted into methoxygroup by e.g. reacting methanol in the presence of metal compoundsincluding silver, mercury, lead, thallium, etc. The removal of theprotective groups or the conversion of the groups may be performed atthe same time if possible, or any of them may be removed or converted inaccordance with the sort of the groups and/or the reaction condition ofthe next step.

While the starting carboxylic acids (V) may occur as D- and L-isomerswith respect to the α-carbon, whichever of these isomers, as well astheir mixture, can be successfully employed for the purposes of thisinvention. It is known that generally, of cephalosporins or penicillinshaving a center of asymmetry at α-position, D-isomers are moreantibiotic than the L-isomers.

The compounds (V) employed as the starting materials in this reactionmay be prepared by, e.g. the processes (6) to (9) mentioned above, andare used in that condition obtained by these processes or after removalof the protecting groups and/or conversion of the groups.

The similar conditions as above are applied also to the reaction betweenthe compounds (VI) and the compounds (IV).

(b) Reduction of the compounds (VII)

In the starting compounds (VII), the symbols other than R⁵ have the samemeanings as defined above, and symbol R⁵ means hydroxyl group which maybe protected. As the protective groups of hydroxyl group, any of theconventional ones may be used so far as they do not distrub thereactions of this invention and there may be generally employed a loweralkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, etc., an aryl group such as phenyl,thienyl, etc., an acyl group such as acetyl, benzoyl, etc.

The reduction condition employed in the present reaction may be selectedfrom the known reduction methods so far as the compounds (VII) can bereduced into the compounds (VIII), and preferable ones are the catalyticreduction employing catalysts such as Raney nickel, platinum oxide,pallsdium-carbon, ruthenium-carbon, rhodium-carbon, copper-chromiumoxide, etc., reduction means employing nascent hydrogen obtained by theco-existence of metals such as sodium, sodium amalgam, aluminum amalgam,etc. and water, alcohols, etc. reduction means employing metallichydride complexes such as lithium aluminum hydride, diethyl aluminumhydride, sodium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, etc., reductionmeans treating with metals such as zinc, iron, etc. in solvents such asacetic anhydride, formic acid, or aqueous mixture thereof, etc.,electroreduction, etc. The reaction conditions such as reactiontemperature, pressure, sort of the solvents, reaction time, and othersare selected suitably according to the sort of starting materials,reduction means, etc. After the reduction reaction, the reaction mixturemay be, if necessary, subjected to removal reaction of the protectivegroup directly or after separation of the objective compounds (VIII).The removal of the protective group is conducted in accordance with theconventional removing methods employed for the removal of eachprotective group.

(c) Reaction of the compounds (IX) with a nucleophilic compounds.

In the compounds (IX), the symbol R⁶ represents carbamoyloxy, an acyloxysuch as acetyloxy, propionyloxy, 3-oxobutyryloxy, 3-carboxypropionyloxy,2-carboxybenzoyloxy, 4-carboxybutyryloxy, mandelyloxy,2-(carboethoxycarbamoyl)benzoyloxy, 2-(carboethoxysulfamoyl)benzoyloxy,3-ethoxycarbamoylpropionyloxy, etc., a halogen such as bromine,chlorine, etc. and among them the acyloxy groups are generally employed.The nucleophilic compounds correspond to the compounds having the symbolR⁴ of the compounds (I) mentioned above. Among the nucleophiliccompounds, the mercapto compounds are reacted each in such forms as thefree compound or a salt with an alkali metal such as sodium, potassiumor the like. This reaction is desirably conducted in a solvent. Forexample, use can be made of water, heavy water or organic solventsreadily miscible with water and inert to the starting compounds, such asdimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dioxane, acetone, alcohol,acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, etc. The reactiontemperature and time depend, among other factors, upon the startingcompounds, solvent, etc. to be employed but generally the reaction iscarried out at a selected temperature within the range of 0° to 100° C.for a selected time of a few hours to several days. The reaction isdesirably conducted in the neighborhood of neutrality or between pH 2and 8 and, for better results, between pH 5 and 8. The reaction oftenproceeds more smoothly by the addition of a quaternary ammonium salthaving surface active effect (e.g. trimethylbenzylammonium bromide,triethylbenzylammonium bromide, triethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, etc.)to the reaction system. To prevent oxidation of the mercapto compounds,it is advantageous to carry out the reaction in an inert gaseousatmosphere, e.g. nitrogen gas.

The cephem compounds (I) obtained by the processes illustratedhereinbefore, can be purified by such procedures as columnchromatography, extraction, precipitation, recrystallization, etc. Thecompounds (I), if desired, are further converted to contemplated salt orester, etc. by a per se known process.

When R² represents a group of the formula; ═NR⁵, the compound (IX) maybe represented by the formula; ##STR16## which may be reacted withnucleophilic compounds under a similar conditions mentioned above.

Each starting compound employed in the above mentioned processes forpreparing the cephem compounds (I) can be prepared for example by thefollowing processes.

(d) Reduction of the compounds (IV).

Similar reduction conditions as mentioned in above (b) are employed inthis reaction. The carboxyl group of the starting compounds (IV) may beprotected with a protective group removable under mild conditions whichwill not interfere with the thiazole ring, for example by acid oralkaline condition, reduction, etc. Therefore, such protective groupsmay be selected from those of carboxyl group generally employed in thepeptide synthesis and are exemplified by alkali metals such as sodium,potassium, etc. alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl,sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, etc., substituted alkyl such asβ-methylsulfonylethyl, trichloroethyl, diphenylmethyl, etc., aryl suchas phenyl, tolyl, etc., substituted aryl such as p-tert-butylphenyl,p-nitrophenyl, etc., aralkyl such as benzyl, phenethyl, tolubenzyl,etc., substituted aralkyl such as p-methoxybenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, etc.In the present reaction, it seems that the starting compound (IV)wherein R⁵ is protected hydroxyl, gives better result. The contemplatedcompounds (V) may be purified by a per se known purification method suchas solvent extraction, pH adjustment, crystallization,recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, ion-exchangechromatography, etc. The isolated compound (V) is LL-mixture and may beresolved into D-form and L-form respectively by introducing it tosuitable optical-active-crystal-forming salt, e.g. salt with tartaricacid, mandelic acid, malic acid, camphor-sulfonic acid, etc.

(e) Reaction of the compounds (XII) with (XIII).

In the starting compounds (XII), the symbol X means halogen such aschlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, etc. When Y represents hydrogen, Zmeans amino group which may be protected, such group being exemplifiedabove. Alternatively, Y and Z together represent a group of the formula;═NR⁵, such group being also illustrated above. The carboxyl group of thecompounds (XII) may be protected in a similar manner to that mentionedin respect of the compounds (IV). In the present reaction, it isdesirable to react substantially equivalent mole of both the startingcompounds (XII) and (XIII). The reaction is generally conducted in thesolvent and such solvent may be selected from the organic solvent whichwill not disturb the contemplated reaction. Thus, methanol, ethanol,propanol, tetrahydrofuran, for example, are suitably employed. Thereaction is carried out smoothly at room temperature or under refluxcondition. The reaction is generally completed within one to severalhours. The reaction may be carried out more smoothly by adding base suchas dimethylaniline triethylamine, etc. to the reaction system. After thereaction is completed, the removal of the protecting group may beconducted directly to the reaction mixture or after isolation of thecompounds (XIV), if desired. The purification of the compounds (XIV) maybe carried out by the similar means as mentioned above (d). When thestarting compounds (XIII) wherein R¹² represents a lower alkoxy groupare employed, there is obtained a contemplated compound (XIV) wherein R¹is hydroxyl according to the present reaction.

(f) Diazotization of the compounds (XV).

The carboxylic group of the starting compounds (XV) employed in thisreaction may be protected by the similar manner as mentioned in theabove compounds (IV). The reaction is generally conducted in a solvent,for example, water or a mixture of water and organic solvents which arereadily miscible with water and do not disturb the present reaction suchas alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, etc., ethers e.g. tetrahydrofuran,dioxane, etc. As the diazotization reagents, nitrous acids, alkylnitrites, nitrogen dioxide, nitrosyl chloride, etc. are convenientlyemployed and, among them, sodium nitrite, amyl nitrite, etc. aregenerally used. The reaction is generally conducted in the presence ofan acid at a selected temperature within the range of 0° to 50° C. for aselected time of one to several hours. The acid employed in the reactionis exemplified by hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid,formic acid, acetic acid, etc.

While α-oximino-2-substituted-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid derivativesinvolved in these compounds (XIV) and (XVI) may occur theoretically assyn- and anti-isomer with respect to oximino group, each of the bothisomers can be used, similarly for the present reaction.

(g) Reaction of the compounds (XVII) and trihalogenoacetone.

The symbol R¹⁴ represents such amino group which may be protected asillustrated hereinbefore and, therefore, the compounds (XVII) areexemplified by N-(trichloroethoxycarbonyl)thiourea,N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)thiourea, N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)thiourea, etc. As thetrihalogenoacetone, there are generally used, for example,1,1,3-trichloroacetone, 1,1,3-tribromoacetone, etc.

The reaction may be carried out advantageously in the solvent. Anysolvent which can dissolve both starting materials may be employed sofar as it does not disturb the reaction, and more preferably one isexemplified by alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.,ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc., ethers such asether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxan, etc., or mixture thereof. The presentreaction proceeds more smoothly in the presence of base such aspyridine, picoline, quinoline, isoquinoline, triethylamine,tributylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine,N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, etc. The reaction may proceedunder room temperature and is accelerated by heating. Therefore, it isconvenient to heat at about boiling point of the solvent employed. Whena suitable conditions is selected in the present reaction, anintermediate i.e. 4-bromomethylthiazole may be obtained in some cases.

Thus obtained compounds (XVIII) are subjected to addition reaction ofhydrogen cyanide to give so-called cyanhydrin compounds. For thispurpose, cyanides such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, etc. aregenerally reacted with the compounds (XVIII). The cyanhydrin compoundscan be isolated as stable acyl derivatives by protecting with a suitableprotective group e.g. formyl, acetyl, etc. Example of the desirableprocedure is to react acetic anhydride with the cyanhydrin compounds inpyridine. The reaction to obtain the cyanhydrin compounds or theirderivatives is preferably conducted in the solvent in the presence ofbase. The solvent is desired to dissolve both of the starting compoundsand base, and water or a mixture of water and organic solvent misciblewith water (e.g. methanol, ethanol, acetone, dimethylformamide, etc.)are generally employed. As the base employed, there may be convenientlyused, for example, such weak base as potassium dihydrogen phosphate,sodium hydrogen sulfite, triethylamine, etc. The reaction is carried outadvantageously under cooling or at the neighborhood of room temperatureto avoid undesirable side reaction. The reaction to obtain thecyanhydrin compounds as α-acetoxy-acetonitrile derivatives is usuallyconducted by reacting acetic anhydride with the former compounds in thesolvent under the presence of base. In this reaction, any of solvent sofar as it does not disturb the reaction may be employed and there may begenerally used, for example, aprotic solvent such as chloroform, carbontetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, dimethylformamide, etc., ormixture thereof. Any base so far as it does not disturb the presentreaction can be employed and preferable ones are organic tertiary basesuch as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, triethylamine,N,N-dimethylaniline, etc. Among them, pyridine is most preferablebecause it also works as solvent. Acetic anhydride mentioned above ismost preferable as the acylating agent, but other acylating agentincluding acetyl chloride may be also employed. The reaction proceedssmoothly under cooling, but, if desired, it may be conducted in theneighborhood of room temperature.

Thus obtained cyanhydrin compounds containing their acyl derivatives aresubjected to hydrolysis to give the contemplated compounds (XIX). Thehydrolysis is carried out in the solvent under the presence of acid orbase. As the solvent, methanol or ethanol are generally used. Thereaction is conducted advantageously under cooling to in theneighborhood of room temperature to avoid the undesirable side reaction.In the reaction, inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuricacid, etc. is preferably employed as acid and sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide, etc. is used as base.

While thus obtained α-hydroxyacetic acid derivatives (XIX) is racemicmixture, it can be resolved into optical active isomers i.e. D-form andL-form by per se known processes, for example, by introducing them intoa suitable diasteromer.

The following are some examples of the preferable ones of the cephemcompounds (I) of the present invention.

7β-[α-Hydroxy-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid

7β-[(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid

7β-[(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]-3-(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid

7α-Methoxy-7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]cephalosporanic acid

7α-Methoxy-7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]desacetoxycephalosporanicacid

7β-[(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]-3-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid

7β-[α-Hydroxy-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid

EXAMPLE 1

A solution of 237 mg. ofα-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-[2-(.beta.,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid and 8 ml. of thionyl chloride is stirred at room temperature for1.5 hours. The excess thionyl chloride is removed under reducedpressure. To the residue are added 183 mg. of 7-aminocephalosporanicacid and 5 ml. N,N-dimethylacetamide. The mixture is stirred for 4 hoursand then 50 ml. of ethyl acetate and saturated aq. NaCl solution areadded. The ethylacetate layer is separated and dried over magnesiumsulfate, followed by the filtration. The filtrate is concentrated underreduced pressure to give 340 mg. of an oily residue. The residue isdissolved in excess 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate aq. solution andsubjected to column chromatography on polystyrene resin (Registeredtrade mark, Amberlite XAD-2; manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co., U.S.A.),followed by elution with water. The combined eluate is concentrated toobtain sodium7β-{α-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-.alpha.-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]-acetamido}cephalosporanate.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C₂₁ H₁₉ N₅ O₁₀ S₂ Cl₆ Na.1/2H₂ O: C, 31.12; H,2.48, Found: C, 30.96; H, 2.19.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ CO₂ D): 2.25(3H, s, CH₃ CO), 3.70(2H, q, 2--CH₂),5.00(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 8.12(1H, s, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 2

To a solution of 590 mg. of7β-{α-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}cephalosporanicacid in 30 ml. of 90% aq. formic acid is gradually added 654 mg. of zincdust under stirring at 0° C. and the mixture is stirred for 1.5 hours at0° C. The insoluble materials are filtered off and washed with 50% aq.formic acid. The filtrate and washings are concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue is dissolved in 20 ml. of water and hydrogensulfide gas is bubbled through the solution for 20 minutes and insolublematerial is filtered off. The filtrate is lyophilized to afford 380 mg.of the crude product, which is dissolved in 5% sodium hydrogen carbonateaq. solution and purified with a column packed with Amberlite XAD-2(manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co., U.S.A.) to obtain sodium7β-(2-aminothiazol-4-ylglycylamido)cephalosporanate.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₅ H₁₆ N₅ O₆ S₂ Na.3H₂ O: C, 35.78; H, 4.40; N,13.90. Found: C, 35.22; H, 4.03; N, 13.74.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, D₂ O): 2.25(3H, s, CH₃ CO), 3.66(2H, q, 2--CH₂),5.26(1H, d, 6-H), 5.30(1H, s, CH), 5.75(1H, d, 7-H), 6.88(1H, s,thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 3

A solution of 1.40 g. ofα-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-[2-(.beta.,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid and 25 ml. of thionyl chloride is stirred at room temperature for 2hours. The excess thionyl chloride is removed under reduced pressure. Tothe residue are added 1.10 g. of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid and 25 ml.of N,N-dimethylacetamide and the mixture is stirred for 5 hours at roomtemperature. To the reaction mixture are added 250 ml. of ethyl acetateand saturated aq. NaCl solution. The ethyl acetate layer is separated,washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent isdistilled off under reduced pressure and the oily residue is dissolvedin 100 ml. of 90% formic acid. The solution is cooled to 0° C., followedby gradual addition of 5.0 g. of zinc dust and stirring for 3 hours at0° C. The insoluble materials are filtered off and the filtrate isconcentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue is added 30 ml. ofwater and hydrogen sulfide gas is passed through the aqueous solutionfor five minutes. The resulted insoluble materials are filtered off andthe filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue isdissolved in 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate aq. solution and purified witha column packed with polystyrene resin (Amberlite XAD-2; manufactured byRohm & Haas Co., U.S.A.) in the same manner described in Example 1, toobtain sodium 7β-(2-aminothiazol-4-ylglycylamido)cephalosporanate.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C₁₅ H₁₆ N₅ O₆ S₂ Na.2H₂ O: C, 37.11; H, 4.15.Found: C, 37.09; H, 3.93.

EXAMPLE 4

To a solution of 4.0 g. ofα-hydroxy-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid in 40 ml. of tetrahydrofuran is introduced phosgene gas for 10minutes at 0° C. Excess phosgene is removed by bubbling nitrogen gas at40° C. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure to give 4.6 g. ofpowdered cyclic carboxyanhydride.

Then 500 mg. of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid is suspended in 18 ml. ofN,N-dimethylacetamide and 690 mg. of the cyclic carboxyanhydride isadded under stirring. After stirring for 1 hour, 100 ml. of ethylacetate is added and the ethyl acetate layer is separated, washed withwater and extracted with 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate aq. solution. Theextract is acidified to pH 2.0 with 1N-hydrochloric acid. The acidsolution is again extracted with ethyl acetate, and the ethyl acetateextract is washed with saturated aq. NaCl solution and dried overmagnesium sulfate. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure to give854 mg. of an oily residue, which is dissolved in 5% sodium hydrogencarbonate aq. solution and purified with a column packed withpolystyrene resin (Registered trade mark, Amberlite XAD-2; manufacturedby Rohm & Haas Co., U.S.A.) in the same manner described in Example 1,to obtain sodium 7β-{α-hydroxy-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}cephalosporanate.

Analysis. - Calcd. for C₁₈ H₁₆ N₄ O₉ S₂ Cl₃ Na.21/2H₂ O: C, 32.22; H,3.16; N, 8.35. Found: C, 32.16; H, 3.06; N, 7.84.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ CO₂ D): 2.24(3H, s, CH₃ CO), 3.70(2H, q, 2--CH₂),4.98(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 5.22(2H, q, 3--CH₂), 5.28(1H, d, 6-H), 5.88(1H,d, 7-H), 5.72(1H, s, CH), 7.48(1H, s, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 5

To a solution of 745 mg. of 7β-{α-hydroxy-α-[2-(β, β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}cephalosporanicacid in 30 ml. of 90% formic acid is gradually added 800 mg. of zincdust with stirring at 0° C. and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours at 0°C. The insoluble materials are filtered off and washed with 10 ml. of50% formic acid. The filtrate and washings are concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in 5% sodium hydrogencarbonate aq. solution and the insoluble materials are filtered off. Thefiltrate is purified with a column packed with polystyrene resin(Amberlite XAD-2; manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co., U.S.A.) to obtainsodium 7β-[α-hydroxy-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporanate.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C₁₅ H₁₅ N₄ O₇ S₂ Na.2H₂ O: C, 37.04; H, 3.94; N,11.52. Found: C, 36.70; H, 3.66; N, 11.86.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ CO₂ D): 2.24(3H, s, CH₃ CO), 3.70(2H, q, 2--CH₂),5.23(2H, q, 3--CH₂), 5.32(1H, d, 6-H), 5.85(1H, d, 7-H), 5.56(1H, s,CH), 6.92(1H, s, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 6

To a suspension of 1.17 g. ofα-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid in 20 ml. of water is added 3 ml. of 1N-sodium hydroxide aq.solution. The resulted solution is lyophilized to give the sodium salt.To a suspension of the sodium salt in 30 ml. of benzene are added 889mg. of oxalyl chloride and 1 drop of N,N-dimethylacetamide and themixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. The solvent isremoved under reduced pressure and the residue is dissolved in 20 ml. ofacetone.

The above solution of the acid chloride in acetone is dropwise added toa solution of 817 mg. of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid and 630 mg. ofsodium hydrogen carbonate in 50 ml. of water and 25 ml. of acetone whilestirring for 30 minutes at 0° C. The mixture is stirred for additional 2hours at room temperature. Acetone is distilled off under reducedpressure and the aqueous layer is washed with ethyl acetate andacidified to pH 2.0 with 3N-hydrochloric acid. The product is extractedwith ethyl acetate and the combined extracts are washed with water anddried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Concentration of the extractsaffords 970 mg. of an oily residue, 330 mg. of which is dissolved in 5%sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, subjected to column chromatographyon polystyrene resin (Amberlite XAD-2; manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co.,U.S.A.) and elusion is carried out with 50% aqueous ethanol. Thefractions containing the contemplated compound are pooled andlyophilized to obtain 184 mg. of sodium7β-{α-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}cephalosporanate.

Analysis. - Calcd. for C₂₀ H₁₉ N₅ O₉ S₂ Cl₃ Na.H₂ O: C, 35.07; H, 3.09;N, 10.23. Found: C, 35.24; H, 3.18; N, 10.33.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ CO₂ D): 1.50(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂), 2.25(3H, s, CH₃ CO),3.37(2H, q, 2--CH₂), 4.61(2H, q, CH₂ CH₃), 4.99(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂),5.26(2H, q, 3--CH₂), 5.34(1H, d, 6-H), 6.06(1H, d, 7-H), 7.95(1H, s,thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 7

To a suspension of 390 mg. ofα-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid in 5 ml. of benzene are added 300 mg. of oxalylchloride and 1 dropof N,N-dimethylformamide and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours at roomtemperature. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and theresidue is dissolved in 10 ml. of acetone. The acetone solution isdropwise added while stirring for 30 minutes to a solution of 272 mg. of7-aminocephalosporanic acid and 252 mg. of sodium hydrogen carbonate in20 ml. of water and 10 ml. of acetone at 0° C. The mixture is stirredfor additional 2 hours at room temperature and the solvent is distilledoff under reduced pressure. The residual aqueous solution is washed withethyl acetate and acidified to pH 2.0 with 1N-hydrochloric acid. Thesolution is extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts arewashed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.Evaporation of the solvent affords7β-{α-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]-acetamido}cephalosporanicacid. This product is identical with the compound obtained in Example 6in NMR spectrum (in CF₃ CO₂ D).

EXAMPLE 8

To a suspension of 390 mg. ofα-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid in 10 ml. of methylene chloride is added with stirring 312 mg. ofphosphorus pentachloride.

The mixture becomes homogeneous while stirring within 10 seconds. Afterstirring for additional one hour at room temperature, the solvent isdistilled off under reduced pressure and the residue is dissolved in 5ml. of acetone. The acetone solution is dropwise added for 30 minutes toa solution of 272 mg. of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid and 840 mg. ofsodium hydrogen carbonate in 10 ml. of water and 5 ml. of acetone at 0°C. The mixture is stirred for additional 2 hours at room temperature andacetone is removed under reduced pressure. The residual aqueous solutionis washed with ethyl acetate and acidified to pH 2.0 with 1Nhydrochloric acid. The solution is extracted with ethyl acetate and theextracts are washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. Removal of the solvent gives7β-{α-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}cephalosporanicacid. This product is identical with the compound obtained in Example 6in NMR spectrum (in CF₃ CO₂ D).

EXAMPLE 9

To a suspension of 347 mg. ofα-oximino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid in 20 ml. of water is added 2 ml. of 1N-sodium hydroxide solution.The solution is lyophilized to give the sodium salt. To a suspension ofthe sodium salt in 10 ml. of benzene are added 300 mg. of oxalylchloride and 1 drop of N,N-dimethylacetamide and the mixture is stirredfor 1 hour at room temperature. The solvent is distilled off underreduced pressure and the residue is dissolved in 10 ml. of acetone. Theacetone solution is dropwise added to a solution of 261 mg. of7-amino-cephalosporanic acid and 200 mg. of sodium hydrogen carbonate in10 ml. of water under stirring at 0° C. in the course of 10 minutes. Themixture is stirred for additional 2 hours at room temperature. Acetoneis distilled off under reduced pressure and the aqueous solution iswashed with ethyl acetate and acidified to pH 2.0 with 1N-hydrochloricacid. The product is extracted with ethyl acetate and the combinedextracts are washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. Evaporation of the solvent affords 7β-{α-oximino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}cephalosporanicacid.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃ +d₆ -DMSO): 2.00(3H s, CH₃ CO), 3.46(2H, q,2--CH₂), 4.85(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 4.96(2H, q, 3--CH₂), 5.06(1H, d, 6--CH),5.89(1H, q, 7--CH), 7.39(1H s, thiazole ring proton), 9.26(1H, d, 7-NH).

EXAMPLE 10

A solution of 900 mg. ofα-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-α-[2-(.beta.,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid and 15 ml. of thionyl chloride is stirred at room temperature for1.5 hours. The excess thionyl chloride is removed under reducedpressure. To the oily residue are added 700 mg. of7-aminocephalosporanic acid and 15 ml. of N,N-dimethylacetamide and themixture is stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixtureis added 100 ml. of ethyl acetate and then is washed with saturated aq.NaCl solution. The ethyl acetate layer is separated and dried overmagnesium sulfate. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure to givean oily residue, which is dissolved in 50 ml. of 90% formic acid. Thesolution is cooled to 0° C. and 2.0 g. of zinc dust is gradually added.The mixture is stirred for 1.5 hours at 0° C. The insoluble materialsare filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated under reducedpressure. To the residue is added 20 ml. of water and then hydrogensulfide gas is passed through the aqueous solution. The resultedinsoluble materials are filtered off and the filtrate is concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in 5% sodium hydrogencarbonate aq. solution and purified with a column packed withpolystyrene resin (Amberlite XAD-2; manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co.,U.S.A.) in the same manner described in Example 1, to obtain sodium7β-(2-aminothiazol-4-ylglycylamido)-cephalosporanate. This product isidentical with the compound obtained in Example 2 in all respects.

EXAMPLE 11

To a suspension of 1.563 g. ofα-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid in 20 ml. of methylene chloride is added 1.250 g. of phosphoruspentachloride while stirring. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour at roomtemperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue isdissolved in 20 ml. of acetone. The acetone solution thus obtained isdropwise added to a solution of 857 mg. of 7-amino desacetoxycephalosporanic acid and 1.68 g. of sodium hydrogen carbonate in 40 ml.of water and 20 ml. of acetone at 0° C. under stirring in the course of30 minutes. The mixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature andacetone is distilled off under reduced pressure. The residual aqueoussolution is washed with ethyl acetate, acidified to pH 2.0 with1N-hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combinedextracts are washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. Evaporation of the solvent affords 2.04 g.7β-{α-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}desacetoxycephalosporanicacid. Yield 86.9%.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃ +d₆ -DMSO): 1.26(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂), 2.13(3H, s,3--CH₃), 3.40(2H, q, 2--CH₂), 4.23(2H, q, CH₂ CH₃), 4.86(2H, s, Cl₃CCH₂), 5.06(1H, d, 6-H), 5.80(1H, q, 7-H), 7.26 and 7.83(1H, two s,thiazole ring proton).

573 mg. of the acid obtained in the above method is dissolved in 5%sodium hydrogen carbonate aq. solution, subjected to columnchromatography on polystyrene resin, Amberlite XAD-2 (manufactured byRohm & Haas Co., U.S.A.) and eluted with 50% aqueous ethanol. Thefractions containing the contemplated compound are pooled andlyophilized to obtain 233 mg. of sodium7β-{α-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}desacetoxycephalosporanate.Yield 39.2%.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₈ H₁₇ N₅ O₇ S₂ Cl₃ Na.H₂ O: C, 34.49; H, 3.06;N, 11.17. Found: C, 34.96; H, 3.43; N, 11.17.

EXAMPLE 12

To a solution of 1.467 g. of7β-{α-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-desacetoxycephalosporanicacid in 80 ml. of 90% aq. formic acid is gradually added 1.634 g. ofzinc dust at 0° C. and the mixture is stirred for 1.5 hours at 0° C. Theinsoluble material is filtered off and washed with 50% aq. formic acid.The filtrate and washings are concentrated under reduced pressure and200 ml. of water is added to the residue. Hydrogen sulfide gas isbubbled through the aqueous solution and insoluble material is filteredoff. The filtrate is lyophilized to yield 1.15 g. of the formate. Yield100%. The formate is dissolved in 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate aq.solution and purified with a column packed with Amberlite XAD-2(manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co., U.S.A.) to afford 614 mg. of sodium7β-(2-aminothiazol-4-ylglycylamido)desacetoxycephalosporanate.

Yield 62.7%.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₃ H₁₄ N₅ O₄ S₂ Na.11/2H₂ O: C, 37.31; H, 4.10;N, 16.74. Found: C, 37.81; H, 4.24; N, 16.69.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, D₂ O): 2.05(3H, s, 3--CH₃), 3.48(2H, q, 2--CH₂),5.13(1H, s, CH), 5.18(1H, d, 6-H), 5.79(1H, d, 7-H), 6.99(1H, s,thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 13

A mixture of 650 mg. of α-ethoxyimino-α-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)aceticacid and 750 mg. of phosphorus pentachloride in 50 ml. of dry ether isstirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The acid chloride solution isadded to a suspension of 1.10 g. of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid in 30ml. of N,N-dimethylacetamide and the mixture is stirred for 3.5 hours atroom temperature. To the mixture is added 200 ml. of ethyl acetate andthe organic solution is washed 7 times with water. The ethyl acetatelayer is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue isdissolved in 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate aq. solution and purified witha column packed with Amberlite XAD-2 to afford sodium7β-[α-ethoxyimino-α-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporanate.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₇ H₁₇ N₄ O₈ S₂ Na.3H₂ O: C, 37.36; H, 4.24; N,10.25. Found: C, 37.37; H, 3.90; N, 9.86.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ CO₂ D): 1.44(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂), 2.21(3H, s, CH₃ CO),3.70(2H, q, 2--CH₂), 4.48(2H, q, CH₂ CH₃), 5.25(2H, q, 3--CH₂), 5.30(1H,d, 6-H), 6.05(1H, d, 7-H), 7.13(1H, s, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 14

To a suspension of 1.08 g. ofα-ethoxyimino-α-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetic acid in 20 ml. of absoluteether is added 1.25 g. of phosphorus pentachloride and the mixture isstirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The acid chloride solution isdropwise added to a suspension of 1.80 g. of 7-aminocephalosporanic acidin 50 ml. of N,N-dimethylacetamide and the mixture is stirred for 4hours at room temperature. The mixture is extracted 3 times with each120 ml. of ethyl acetate and the combined extracts are washed with waterand dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent is removed andthe residue is dissolved in 60 ml. of 90% aq. formic acid. To the acidicsolution is added 4.30 g. of zinc dust at 0° C. and the mixture isstirred for 2 hours at this temperature.

Insoluble material is filtered off and the filtrate is concentratedunder reduced pressure. To the residue is added 20 ml. of water andhydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through the aqueous solution for 5minutes. Insoluble material is filtered off and the filtrate is againconcentrated. The residue is dissolved in 5% sodium hydrogen carbonateaq. solution and purified with a column packed with Amberlite XAD-2. Thefractions obtained by the eluation with 5% aqueous ethanol islyophilized to afford sodium7-β-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-ylglycylamido)-cephalosporanate.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₅ H₁₅ N₄ O₇ S₂ Na.H₂ O: C, 38.46; H, 3.66; N,11.96. Found: C, 38.35; H, 4.04; N, 12.28.

EXAMPLE 15

A solution of 10.0 g. of N-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)thiourea, 12.0g. of 1,1,3-tribromoacetone and 5.0 g. of dimethylaniline in 100 ml. ofethanol is heated under reflux for 2 hours. After cooling, ethanol isremoved under reduced pressure, and the oily residue is dissolved inethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate layer is washed with water and dried overMgSO₄. Ethyl acetate is removed under reduced pressure and the oilyresidue is dissolved in small quantity of chloroform. From the solutionwhich is allowed to stand at room temperature is obtained2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)amino-4-formylthiazole as a crystallineform. 5.0 g. Melting point: 188°-190° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₇ H₅ O₃ N₂ SCl₃ : C, 27.69; H, 1.66; N, 9.23.Found: C, 27.87; H, 1.69; N, 9.01.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃ -d₆ DMSO); 5.05(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂ --), 8.05(1H, s,5-H), 9.80(1H, s, CHO).

EXAMPLE 16

To a mixture of 1.0 g. of2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)amino-4-formylthiazole, 0.87 g. of KH₂PO₄, 6 ml. of water and 4 ml. of dimethylformamide is added 0.33 g. ofKCN at room temperature and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes. Thereaction mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate and the ethyl acetatelayer is washed with water and dried. Evaporation of ethyl acetate givesα-hydroxy-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)aminothiazol-4-yl]acetonitrile1.127 g.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 4.90(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂ --), 5.70(1H, s, --CHCN),7.90(1H, s, 5H).

EXAMPLE 17

To a solution of 1.10 g. ofα-hydroxy-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)aminothiazol-4-yl]acetonitrilein 1 ml. of pyridine is added 2.5 ml. of acetic anhydride underice-cooling and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour. To the mixture isadded ether and water and the organic layer is washed with aq. NaHCO₃and further water in this order. Evaporation of ether givesα-acetoxy-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)aminothiazol-4-yl]acetonitrile.1.3 g.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 2.20(3H, s, COCH₃), 5.00(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂ --),6.60(1H, s, >CHCN), 7.30(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 18

To a solution of 1.30 g. ofα-acetoxy-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)aminothiazol-4-yl]acetonitrilein 10 ml. of methanol is bubbled gaseous hydrochloric acid for 10minutes under ice-cooling, and the mixture is kept standing at roomtemperature for 1 hour. After evaporation of methanol is added 40 ml. of50% aq. methanol to the residue and stirred for 1 hour. To this reactionmixture is added 1.0 g. of NaOH and stirred for 1 hour. Methanol isremoved under reduced pressure and the residue is extracted with ethylacetate after being made acidic with N-HCl. Ethyl acetate layer iswashed with water and dried. Ethyl acetate is removed under reducedpressure to obtainα-hydroxy-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)amino]thiazol-4-yl aceticacid. 0.996 g. Melting point: 135°-136° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₈ H₇ O₅ N₂ SCl₃ : C, 27.48; H 2.02; N, 8.01.Found: C, 27.72; H, 2.05; N, 8.08.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 4.90(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂ --), 5.40(1H,s, >CH--COOH), 7.10(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 19

To a solution of 21.43 g. of ethyl α-ethoxyimino-β-oxo-γ-bromobutyratein 80 ml. of ethanol is added 8.81 g. of methylthionocarbamate and themixture is heated under reflux for 1.5 hours. After cooling ethanol isremoved under reduced pressure and the oily residue is dissolved inchloroform. The chloroform solution is washed, dried, and condensed. Thecondensate is purified by silica gel chromatography to give 11.9 g. ofethyl α-ethoxyimino-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetate. Melting point:54°-55° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₉ H₁₂ O₄ N₂ S: C, 44.25; H, 4.95; N, 11.47.Found: C, 44.54; H, 5.04; N, 11.53.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 6.33(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 20

To a solution of 10 g. of ethylα-ethoxyimino-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetate in 30 ml. of ethanol isadded a solution of 11.47 g. of KOH in 50 ml. of water at roomtemperature and the mixture is stirred for 25 minutes. The reactionmixture is condensed under reduced pressure and is made acidic with 10%aq. HCl. Ethyl acetate extract of the reaction mixture is extracted with10% aq. NaHCO₃. The aqueous layer is then made acidic with 10% aq. HCland extracted again with ethyl acetate. From the ethyl acetate extract,after being washed, dried and condensed is obtained a crystallinesubstance. Recrystallization from benzene-ethanol givesα-ethoxyimino-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetic acid. 7.5 g. Melting point:131.5° C. (dec.).

Analysis - Calcd. for C₇ H₈ O₄ N₂ S: C, 38.88; H, 3.72; N, 12.95. Found:C, 38.65; H, 3.85; N, 13.06.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 6.64(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 21

To a mixture of 1 g. of α-ethoxyimino-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)aceticacid, 10 ml. of 50% aq. formic acid and 5 ml. of methanol is addedgradually 0.9 g. of zinc dust under ice-cooling. The mixture is stirredfor 1 hour at this state and then for 30 minutes at room temperature.The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is passed through acolumn packed with ion-exchange resin [Amberlite IR-120(H)] to givepurified 2-hydroxythiazol-4-ylglycine.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₅ H₆ O₃ N₂ S: N, 16.08. Found: N, 15.96.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ COOD): 5.56(1H, s, >CH--COOH), 6.91(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 22

To a mixture of 40 ml. of C.HCl and 100 ml. of water is dissolved underice-cooling 8.8 g. of ethyl α-oxyimino-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetate. Asolution of 2.8 g. of NaNO₂ in 20 ml. of water is added dropwise to thissolution in a period of 20 minutes. After being stirred for 2.5 hoursunder ice-cooling the reaction mixture is extracted with 200 ml. ofethyl acetate. The extract is washed with water and dehydrated. Theethyl acetate is distilled off and the resultant oil is purified bysilica gel chromatography to give ethylα-oxyimino-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetate.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.37(3H, t, CH₂ CH₃), 4.36(2H, q, CH₂ CH₃),8.02(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 23

To a solution of 1.3 g. of ethylα-oxyimino-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetate in 5 ml. of ethanol is addedunder ice-cooling 30 ml. of 50% aq. formic acid. Zinc dust (1.17 g.) isadded gradually to this solution in a period of 5 minutes understirring. The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 hours under ice-coolingand filtered. The filtrate is condensed under reduced pressure and theresidue is poured into 10 ml. of water. The water layer is neutralizedwith 10% aq. NaHCO₃ and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The extractis washed with water and dehydrated. The ethyl acetate is distilled offand the resultant oil is purified by silica gel chromnatography to giveethyl 2-hydroxythiazol-4-ylglycine.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.22(3H, t, --CH₂ CH₃), 4.27(2H, q, --CH₂CH₃), 4.65(1H, s, >CH--COOC₂ H₅), 7.14(1H, s, 5-H).

The ester is acylated with β,β,β-trichloro ethyl chloroformate in CH₂Cl₂ in the presence of triethylamine to give ethylα-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetate.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₀ H₁₁ O₅ N₂ SCl₃ : N, 7.41; Found: N, 7.39.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.26(3H, t, --CH₂ CH₃), 4.22(2H, q, --CH₂CH₃), 4.70(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 5.42(1H, d, >CH--COOC₂ H₅), 7.24(1H, s,5-H).

EXAMPLE 24

To a solution of 1.93 g. of ethyl α-oxyimino-β-oxo-γ-chlorobutyrate in10 ml. of ethanol is added 1.27 g. of ethylthionocarbamate and themixture is heated for 2 hours under reflux. After cooling ethanol isevaporated then the remaining oily substance is purified by means ofsilica gel chromatography to give ethylα-oxyimino-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetate. The ester is identical withthe substance obtained in Example 22 in all respects.

EXAMPLE 25

To a solution of 2.65 g. of ethyl α-acetamido-β-oxo-γ-bromobutyrate in10 ml. of ethanol is added 1.09 g. of methylthionocarbamate. The mixtureis heated for 1.5 hours under reflux and concentrated under reducedpressure. The concentrate is dissolved in chloroform. The chloroformlayer is washed, dried and concentrated to give ethylα-acetamido-(2-hydroxythiazol-4-yl)acetate as oily material. This ester(2.0 g.) is dissolved in 10 ml. of methanol and to this is added asolution of 3.09 g. of Ba(OH)₂.8H₂ O in 50 ml. of water and the wholemixture is stirred at 70° C. for 3 hours. After cooling, gaseous CO₂ isbubbled into the reaction mixture to cause precipitation of BaCO₃.BaCO₃thus precipitated is filtered off and the filtrate is passed through acolumn packed with ion-exchange resin [Amberlite IR-120(H)] to givepurified 2-hydroxythiazol-4-ylglycine. This substance is identical withthe sample obtained in Example 21 in all respects.

EXAMPLE 26

To a solution of 2.2 g. of ethyl α-methoxyimino-β-oxo-γ-bromobutyrate in40 ml. of ethanol are added 1.22 g. of dimethylaniline and 2.2 g. ofN-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)thiourea. The mixture is heated for 1.5hours under reflux and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theconcentrate of the reaction mixture is recrystallized from ligroin togive ethylα-methoxyimino-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetateas crystals. 1.84 g.

Melting point: 125°-128° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₁ H₁₂ O₅ N₃ SCl₃ : C, 32.65; H, 2.99; N, 10.38.Found: C, 32.81; H, 3.14; N, 10.19.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.15(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 27

To a solution of 8.1 g. of ethylα-methoxyimino-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetatein 50 ml. of ethanol is added a solution of 11.2 g. of KOH in a mixtureof 30 ml. of water and 150 ml. of ethanol. The whole mixture is stirredat room temperature for 1 hour, and then concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue is extracted with ethyl acetate. The water layeris made acidic with 10% aq. HCl and the separated solid is collected.Recrystallization of the solid from aq. methanol givesα-methoxyimino-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid. 4.1 g. Melting point: 162°-163° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₉ H₈ O₅ N₃ SCl₆ : C, 28.70; H, 2.14; N, 11.16.Found: C, 28.64; H, 2.11; N, 11.06.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃ +d₆ -DMSO): 7.26(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 28

Ethylα-methoxyimino-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetate(2.02 g.) dissolved in 150 ml. of ethanol containing 10% HCl ishydrogenated in the presence of 2.0 g. of 5% Pd/carbon. After 240 ml. ofhydrogen is absorbed, the reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrateis condensed under reduced pressure. The residue is washed with etherand suspended in 70 ml. of ethyl acetate followed by the addition of 20ml. of 5% aq. NaHCO₃. The ethyl acetate layer is separated, washed,dried and condensed to give[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]glycine ethyl ester.1.22 g.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₀ H₁₂ O₄ N₃ SCl₃ : C, 31.89; H, 3.21; N, 11.16.Found: C, 31.91; H, 3.00; N, 10.63.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ COOD): 5.82(1H, s, >CH--COOC₂ H₅), 7.74(1H, s,5-H).

EXAMPLE 29

(1) A solution of 19.3 g. of ethyl α-oxyimino-β-oxo-γ-chlorobutyrate and8.0 g. of thiourea in 200 ml. of ethanol is heated for 2 hours underreflux. The mixture is condensed under reduced pressure and the residueis dissolved in 10% aq. HCl. The solution is washed twice with ether toremove unreacted butyrate and is adjusted to pH 7.0-7.5 with NaHCO₃.Chloroform extraction of the mixture gives ethylα-oxyimino-2-aminothiazol-4-ylacetate. 6.4 g. Melting point: 137°-138°C. (dec.).

Analysis - Calcd. for C₇ H₉ O₃ N₃ S: C, 39.06; H, 4.21; N, 19.52. Found:C, 39.64; H, 4.09; N, 19.62.

IR(Nujol, cm⁻¹): 3430(C═NOH), 1710(ester).

(2) Ethyl α-oxyimino-2-aminothiazol-4-yl-acetate (2.15 g.) obtained inthe foregoing part is dissolved in a mixture of 20 ml. of 50% aq. formicacid and 10 ml. of methanol. To this is added 1.5 g. of zinc dust andthe mixture is stirred for 3 hours under ice-cooling. The filteredreaction mixture is condensed under reduced pressure and the concentrateis passed through a column packed with ion-exchange resin [AmberliteIR-120(H)]. The column is washed with water to remove formic acid andthen is eluted with 10% aq. ammonia to give 2-aminothiazol-4-yl-glycine.1.49 g. Recrystallization from aq. ethanol gives pure sample; Meltingpoint: 186°-190° C. (dec.).

Analysis - Calcd. for C₅ H₇ O₂ N₃ S.1/2H₂ O: C, 32.96; H, 4.43; N,23.06, Found: C, 32.94; H, 4.61; N, 22.22.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ COOD): 5.25(1H, s, >CH--COOH), 6.75(1H, s, 5-H).

Violet color with Ninhydrin reagent.

EXAMPLE 30

A solution of 19.3 g. of thiourea and 53.5 g. of ethylα-oxyimino-βoxo-γ-chlorobutyrate in 300 ml. of ethanol is stirred for 3hours at room temperature, and condensed under reduced pressure. Water(200 ml.) is added to the residue and the obtained aqueous solution iswashed twice with ether. To this are added 130 ml. of 85% aq. formicacid and 150 ml. of ethanol. Under ice-cooling 37 g. of zinc dust isadded gradually to this mixture and stirred for 3 hours at roomtemperature.

The filtered reaction mixture is passed through a column packed withion-exchange resin [Amberlite IR-120(H)]. The column is washed withwater and eluted with 10% aq. ammonia to give purified2-aminothiazol-4-ylglycine (27.5 g.) which is identical with the sampleobtained in Example 29 in all respects.

EXAMPLE 31

Ethyl α-oxyimino-2-aminothiazol-4-ylacetate hydrochloride (503 mg.) isdissolved in 10 ml. of 50% aq. formic acid and 5 ml. of ethanol. Zincdust (300 mg.) is added to this solution under ice-cooling and stirredfor 3 hours. The reaction mixture is condensed under reduced pressurebelow 30° C., and the residue is made pH 7.5 by adding 1N-NaOH. Ethylacetate extraction gives 2-aminothiazol-4-ylglycine ethyl ester. 130 mg.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CF₃ COOD): 1.04(3H, t, --CH₂ CH₃), 4.18(2H, q, --CH₂CH₃), 5.35(1H, s, >CH--COOC₂ H₅), 6.90(1H, s, 5-H).

Mass: m/e 201,0549(theoretical: 201,0571)

EXAMPLE 32

To a solution of 26.6 g. of ethyl α-acetamido-β-oxo-γ-bromobutyrate in amixture of 50 ml. of ethanol and 20 ml. of ether are added 9.14 g. ofthiourea and 15 ml. of pyridine. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour atroom temperature and then 4 hours under reflux. The reaction mixture iscondensed under reduced pressure and 50 ml. of ethyl acetate is added tothe residue. The mixture is extracted with 3N-HCl. The water layer thusseparated is made pH 10 by adding 1N-NaOH and extracted with ethylacetate.

The ethyl acetate extract is washed, dried and condensed. To thisconcentrate is added small quantity of chloroform to causecrystallization of ethyl α-acetamido-2-aminothiazol-4-ylacetate. 7.0 g.Melting point: 161.1° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₉ H₁₃ O₃ N₃ S: C, 44.43; H, 5.39; N, 17.27.Found: C, 44.46; H, 5.24; N, 16.99.

EXAMPLE 33

To a solution of 34.6 g. of ethyl α-acetamido-β-oxo-γ-promobutyrate in amixture of 50 ml. of ethanol and 20 ml. of ether are added 18.9 g. ofN-acetylthiourea and 15 ml. of pyridine. The mixture is heated underreflux for 4 hours, and condensed under reduced pressure. The condensateis extracted with ethyl acetate and the extract is washed with 5% aq.NaHCO₃, then with water, and dried. The oily substance which is obtainedfrom the extract by removal of the solvent is purified by silica gelchromatography to give ethyl α-acetamido-2-acetamidothiazol-4-ylacetate.4.46 g. Melting point: 148.9°-150° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₁ H₁₅ O₄ N₃ S.1/4H₂ O: C, 45.59; H, 5.39; N,14.50. Found: C, 45.73; H, 5.40; N, 14.21.

EXAMPLE 34

To a solution of 2.51 g. of N-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)thioureaand 2.66 g. of ethyl α-acetamido-β-oxo-γ-bromobutyrate in 50 ml. ofethanol is added 1.8 g. of N,N-dimethylaniline. The mixture is stirredfor 24 hours at room temperature, and condensed under reduced pressure.The residue is dissolved in 30 ml. chloroform and the solution is washedwith 3N-HCl, water, and dried. The solid matter which is obtained byremoval of chloroform is purified by silica gel chromatography to giveethylα-acetamido-2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-ylacetate.1.43 g. Melting point: 161.9° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₂ H₁₄ O₅ N₃ SCl₃.1/2H₂ O: C, 33.70; H, 3.54; N,9.82. Found: C, 33.69; H, 3.64; N, 10.06.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 1.15(3H, t, --CH₂ CH₃), 4.09(2H, q, --CH₂CH₃), 1.88(3H, s, COCH₃), 4.96(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 5.42(1H, d, >CHCOCC₂H₅), 7.13(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 35

To a suspension of 100 mg. of ethylα-acetamido-2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-ylacetate in5 ml of water is added 2 ml. of 1N-NaOH and the mixture is stirred for 2hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is washed with ethylacetate and the water layer is made pH 2.0 with 1N-HCl, and thenextracted with ethyl acetate. The extract is washed, dried, andcondensed to giveN-acetyl-2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-ylglycine. 65mg. Melting point: 158.0° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₀ H₁₀ O₅ N₃ SCl₃.1/2H₂ O: C, 30.05; H, 2.77; N,10.51. Found: C, 30.15; H, 2.52; N, 10.23.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 1.89(3H, s, COCH₂), 4.97(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂),5.40(1H, d, >CHCOOH), 7.10(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 36

To a solution of 238 mg. of ethyl α-oximino-β-oxo-γ-bromobutyrate in 10ml. of ethanol is added 251 mg. ofN-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)thiourea and the mixture is heatedunder reflux for 6 hours. After cooling, 50 ml. of chloroform is addedand the organic solution is washed with water and dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent followed bychromatographic purification on silica gel affords 164 mg. of ethylα-oximino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetate.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₀ H₁₀ N₃ O₅ SCl₃ : C, 30.74; H, 2.58; N, 10.75;Cl, 27.23. Found: C, 30.95; H, 2.51; N, 10.75; Cl, 27.02.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.35(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂), 4.36(2H, q, CH₃ CH₂),4.87(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 7.94(1H, s, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 37

A solution of 2.0 g. of ethylα-oximino-α-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl)acetatein 50 ml. of 10% HCl-ethanol is hydrogenated over 0.5 g. of 5%palladium-on charcoal under shaking. The reaction stops when 90 ml. ofhydrogen is absorbed. Additional 1.5 g. of the catalyst is added and 170ml. of hydrogen is absorbed. Insoluble material is filtered off and thefiltrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is washedwith ether, and separated. The separated solid is dissolved in 5 ml. ofwater and neutralized with 10% sodium hydrogen carbonate aq. solution,and then extracted with chloroform. The extract is washed with water,drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and subjected to the evaporationof the solvent. The resultant residue is followed by chromatographicpurification on silica gel column to afford 560 mg. of2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-ylglycine ethyl ester.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₀ H₁₂ N₃ O₄ SCl₃ : C, 31.89; H, 3.21; N, 11.16.Found: C, 31.91; H, 3.00; N, 10.63.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ CO₂ D): 1.37(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂), 4.47(2H, q, CH₂CH₃), 4.98(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 5.82(1H, s, CH), 7.74(1H, s, thiazole ringproton).

EXAMPLE 38

To a solution of 3.40 g. of2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-ylglycine ethyl ester in50 ml. of chloroform are added gradually 1.2 g. of triethylamine and2.50 g. of β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl chloride under stirring at roomtemperature. After 30 minutes stirring, 100 ml. of chloroform is addedto the mixture and the obtained organic solution is washed withsaturated NaCl aq. solution, 1N-hydrochloric acid and then with water,and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the evaporation of thesolvent n-hexane is added to the residue to afford crude product. Thecrude product is recrystallized from a mixture of ligroin and n-hexaneto give 4.11 g. of2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl-N-(.beta.,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)glycineethyl ester. Yield 82%.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₃ H₁₃ N₃ O₆ SCl₆ : C, 28.28; H, 2.37; N, 7.61.Found: C, 28.39; H, 2.38; N, 7.71.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.21(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂), 4.60(2H, q, CH₃ CH₂),4.83 and 4.86(4H, two s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 5.60(1H, d, CH), 6.98(1H, s,thiazole ring proton), 7.38(1H, d, α-NH).

EXAMPLE 39

To a solution of 3.82 g. of2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl-N-(.beta.,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)glycineethyl ester in 150 ml. of ethanol is added a solution of 1.94 g. ofpotassium hydroxide in 10 ml. of water while stirring at roomtemperature. After 30 minutes stirring, the solution is concentratedunder reduced pressure and 50 ml. of water is added to the residue. Theaqueous solution is washed with ethyl acetate, adjusted to pH 2.0 with1N-hydrochloric acid and extracted twice each with 70 ml. of ethylacetate. The combined extracts are washed with water, dried overanhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure.n-Hexane is added to the residue to separate crude material. The crudematerial is recrystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and ligrointo afford 1.83 g. of2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl-N-(.beta.,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)glycine.Yield 50%.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CDCl₃): 4.80(4H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂), 4.65(1H, s, 2-NH),5.48(1H, broad d, CH), 6.14(1H, broad d, α-NH), 6.95(1H, s thiazole ringproton).

EXAMPLE 40

To a suspension of 3.46 g. of 2-aminothiazol-4-yl-glycine in 100 ml. ofN,N-dimethylacetamide is added dropwise 12.66 g. ofβ,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl chloride while stirring for 30 minutes atroom temperature. After further 30 minutes stirring, 250 ml. of ethylacetate is added to the reaction mixture and the resulting solution iswashed with 70 ml. of 1N-hydrochloric acid. The ethyl acetate isseparated and extracted 3 times with 50 ml. of 3% aq. potassiumhydroxide solution. The combined aqueous extracts are washed with ethylacetate, adjusted to pH 2.0 with 1N-hydrochloric acid and extracted 3times each with 100 ml. of ethyl acetate. The combined extracts arewashed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate andconcentrated under reduced pressure. n-Hexane is added to the oilyresidue to precipitate crude material. Crude material is separated andrecrystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and ligroin to afford 510mg. of2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl-N-(.beta.,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)glycine.This product is identical with the compound obtained in Example 39 inall respects.

EXAMPLE 41

To a suspension of 2.4 g. of7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid in 20 ml. of dimethylacetamide is added 2.4 g. ofα-hydroxy-2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-ylacetic acidcyclic carboxy anhydride (obtained by the procedure described in Example4) and the mixture is stirred for 15 hours at room temperature. Ethylacetate (100 ml.) is added to the reaction mixture and filtered. Thefiltrate is extracted several times with 5% aq. NaHCO₃. The combinedextract is adjusted to pH 3.0 with 10% aq. HCl and extracted with ethylacetate. The ethyl acetate layer is washed with saturated aq. NaCl anddried. Evaporation of the solvent gives7β-{α-hydroxy-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid (1.8 g.) as a jelly which is then dissolved in 100 ml. of 90% aq.formic acid under ice cooling. To this solution is added 1.8 g. of zincdust and stirred for 1 hour under ice-cooling. The reaction mixture isfiltered and condensed under reduced pressure. Water (100 ml.) is addedto the condensate and H₂ S gas is bubbled into the aqueous solution toprecipitate zinc sulfide. Zinc sulfide is filtered off and the filtrateis condensed under reduced pressure and the concentrate is dissolved in5% aq. NaHCO₃ solution and the solution is passed through a columnpacked with polystyrene resin (Amberlite XAD-2) to give purified7β-[α-hydroxy-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid sodium salt.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₅ H₁₅ O₅ N₈ S₃ Na.3H₂ O: C, 32.14; H, 3.78; N,19.99. Found: C, 32.53; H, 3.77; N, 19.50.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, D₂ O): 3.71(2H, q, 2--CH₂), 4.14(3H, s, N--CH₃),5.28(1H, s, >CH--CONH), 5.22(1H, d, 6-H), 5.75(1H, d, 7-H), 6.84(1H, s,5-H).

EXAMPLE 42

To a solution of 100.8 mg. of NaHCO₃ and 127.6 mg. of5-mercapto-1-methyl-1H-tetrazole in 10 ml. of water is added 486 mg. ofsodium 7β-[α-hydroxy-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporanate.The mixture is stirred at 55° C. for 20 hours. After cooling the mixtureis passed through a column packed with polystyrene resin (AmberliteXAD-2) to give purified sodium7β-[α-hydroxy-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate,which is identical with the sample obtained in Example 41 in allrespects.

EXAMPLE 43

To a suspension of 781 mg. ofα-ethoxyimino-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid in 15 ml. of CH₂ Cl₂ is added 625 mg. of phosphorus pentachloride.The mixture is homogenized by stirring for 10 seconds. After stirring atroom temperature for 1 hour, the solvent is removed under reducedpressure and the residue is dissolved in 10 ml. of acetone. On the otherhand7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid (657 mg.) and NaHCO₃ (1.68 g.) are dissolved in a mixture of 20 ml.of water and 10 ml. of acetone. To this solution while ice-cooling, theforegoing acetone solution is added dropwise in a period of 30 minutes.After the dropping, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2hours, and condensed under reduced pressure to remove acetone. Theconcentrate is washed with ethyl acetate, adjusted to pH 2.0 with 1N-HCland extracted with ethylacetate. The ethyl acetate extract is washedwith water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and condensed to give7β-{α-ethoxyimino-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid. 925 mg. Yield 660%.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz CF₃ COOD): 1.50(3H, t, CH₂ CH₃), 4.60(2H, q, --CH₂CH₃), 3.85(2H, q, 2--CH₂), 4.12(3H s, N--CH₃), 4.98(2H, s, Cl₃ CCH₂ --),5.38(1H d, 6-H), 6.02(1H, q, 7-H), 7.91(1H, s, 5-H).

EXAMPLE 44

Sodium7β-{α-ethoxyimino-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}cephalosporanate(667 mg.) NaHCO₃ (90 mg.) and 5-mercapto-1-methyl-1H-tetrazole (120 mg.)are dissolved to 20 ml. of water. The mixture is stirred at 60° C. for 8hours and filtered. The filtrate is adjusted to pH 2.0 with 1N-HCl andthe solid is separated. The separated solid is filtered, washed withwater and dried over phosphorus pentachloride under reduced pressure togive7β-{α-ethoxyimino-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid. (238 mg.) which is identical with the sample obtained in Example43 in all respects.

EXAMPLE 45

To a suspension of 2.92 g ofα-ethoxyimino-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetic acid in 50 ml ofmethylene chloride is added 2.08 g of phosphorus pentachloride. Themixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature, after which timemethylene chloride is distilled off and the redisue is dissolved in 30ml of acetone. The acetone solution is added dropwise under ice-coolingin a period of 15 minutes, to the solution of 3.29 g of7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid and 8.4 g of sodium bicarbonate dissolved in a mixture of 100 ml ofwater and 50 ml of acetone. After the addition has been completed, theobtained solution is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours andconcentrated under reduced pressure to remove acetone. The concentrateis washed with ethyl acetate and adjusted to pH 2.0 with 3N hydrochloricacid under ice-cooling, followed by extracting with ethyl acetate. Theethyl acetate layer is washed with water and dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, followed by distillation of the solvent to give 3.80g of7β-{α-ethoxyimino-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid. Yield 63.1%.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 1.34(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂ --), 3.56(2H, broad S,2--CH₂), 3.95(3H, S, N--CH₃), 4.05-4.50(4H, m, CH₃ CH₂ -- and 3--CH₂),4.24(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO), 5.04(1H, d, 6-H), 5.70(1H, d, 7-H), 7.82(1H, S,thiazole ring proton).

IR(KBr, cm⁻¹): 1760(β-lactam), 1035(═N--O--C).

EXAMPLE 46

To a solution of 3.90 g of sodium7β-{α-ethoxyimino-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylatein 50 ml of water is added 1.52 g of thiourea. The mixture is stirred atroom temperature for 3 hours and adjusted to pH 2.0 with 1N hydrochloricacid. The resulting precipitates are filtered, washed with water anddried to obtain 2.40 g of7β-[α-ethoxyimino-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid. Yield 73.1%.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 1.26(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂ --), 3.84(3H, S,N--CH₃), 3.90-4.40(4H, m, CH₃ CH₂ -- and 3--CH₂), 5.02(1H, d, 6-H),5.70(1H, d, 7-H), 7.94(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

IR(KBr, cm⁻¹): 1770 β-lactam), 1030(═N--O--C).

EXAMPLE 47

2.0 g of7β-[α-ethoxyimino-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid is dissolved in 50 ml of 90% formic acid. To the solution is added2.48 g of zinc dust under stirring and cooling at the temperature of-10° C., and the mixture is further stirred for 15 minutes. After thereaction has been completed, the insoluble materials are filtered off.Into the filtrate is poured ether to precipitate white solid, which iscentrifugally separated and washed three times with ether and dried(yield; 1.66 g). This white solid is dissolved in aq. solution of sodiumbicarbonate. The solution is subjected to the purification using acolumn of Amberlite XAD-2 and the fractions eluted with water arelyophilized to obtain sodium7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, D₂ O): 3.94(3H, S, N--CH₃), 6.74(1H, S, thiazole ringproton).

IR(KBr, cm⁻¹): 1760(β-lactam).

UV(H₂ O, nm): 260(cephem).

EXAMPLE 48

(1) To a suspension of 6.25 g of phosphorus pentachloride in 45 ml ofanhydrous methylene chloride cooled at -10° C., is added 20 ml ofanhydrous methylene chloride solution containing 2.4 g of pyridine andthe mixed solution is stirred for 30 minutes. To the solution isdropwise added a solution of 9.3 g of7β-(2-thienylacetamido)-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid benzhydryl ester in 30 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride during 30minutes under stirring and keeping at -20° C.--10° C. The mixture isfurther stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature and then cooled to-30° C.--20° C., followed by adding dropwise 56 ml of methanol. Thusobtained solution is stirred for 30 minutes, keeping the temperature ofthe solution between -5° C. and 5° C., and 60 ml of water is addeddropwise thereto, followed by further stirring for 30 minutes. Methylenechloride layer is washed with saturated aq. NaCl solution andconcentrated. To the concentrate is added a mixture of water and ethylacetate under stirring to give 4.746 g of7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid benzhydryl ester as a crystal. Yield 64.0%.

(2) To a suspension of 2.05 g ofα-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetic acid in 50 ml ofmethylene chloride is added 1.50 g of phosphorus pentachloride undercooling. The mixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature andsubjected to the distillation of methylene chloride. The residue isdissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran. The tetrahydrofuran solution isdropwise added while stirring to a solution of 2.92 g of7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid benzhydryl ester dissolved in 50 ml of absolute methylene chloride,followed by the addition of 2.87 g of pyridine under ice-cooling. Afterthe addition has been completed and the temperature of the reactionsolution becomes the same as the room temperature, the solution isstirred for 2 hours and then concentrated. The residue is dissolved in amixture of 100 ml of ethyl acetate and a little amount oftetrahydrofuran. Thus obtained solution is washed with dilutehydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate aq. solution and water in thisorder, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated. Theconcentrate is purified by means of a column of silica gel. Thefractions eluted with the mixture of ethyl acetate and chloroform (1:1)are concentrated to obtain 2.36 g of7β-{α-ethoxyimino-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid benzhydryl ester. Yield 50%.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.34(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂ --), 3.68(2H, broad S,2--CH₂), 3.80(3H, S, N--CH₃), 4.26(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO), 5.04(1H, d, 6-H),5.92(1H, q, 7-H), 6.94(1H, S, --CHPh₂), 7.20-7.60(10H, m, Ph₂), 7.90(1H,S, thiazole ring proton), 8.45(1H, d, 7-NH).

EXAMPLE 49

To a solution of 2.2 g of7β{α-ethoxyimino-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid benzhydryl ester in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added a solution of550 mg of thiourea in 20 ml of ethanol, followed by addition of 50 mg oftriethylbenzylammonium bromide. The mixture is stirred for 20 hours atroom temperature and concentrated. The residue is dissolved in a mixtureof ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran and the solution was washed withaq. sodium bicarbonate solution and then water, followed by drying overanhydrous magnesium sulfate. The dried solution is subjected todistillation of the solvent to give powder which is washed withchloroform and ether and dried. The procedure yields 1.047 g of7β-[α-ethoxyimino-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid benzhydryl ester. Yield 52.9%.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CDCl₃ +d₆ -DMSO(3:1)): 1.38(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂ --),3.78(2H, broad S, 2--CH₂), 3.90(3H, S, N--CH₃), 4.30(2H, broad S,3--CH₂), 4.38(2H, q, CH₃ CH₂), 5.14(1H, d, 6-H), 6.00(1H, d, 7-H),6.88(1H, S, CHPh₂), 7.20-7.60(10H, m, Ph₂), 7.48(1H, S, thiazole ringproton).

EXAMPLE 50

To a solution of 750 mg of7β-[α-ethoxyimino-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid benzhydryl ester in 10 ml of 90% formic acid is added 654 mg ofzinc dust, cooling to -10° C. After the mixture is stirred for 20minutes at -10° C. and further for 10 minutes at room temperature, theinsoluble materials is filtered off. The filtrate is neutralized withaq. sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theethyl acetate layer is washed with water and dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, after which time the solvent is distilled off to give465 mg of foamy materials. All of the foamy materials are dissolved in amixture of 2 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and 0.5 ml of anisole, stirredfor 30 minutes under ice-cooling and then for 5 minutes at roomtemperature. Thus obtained solution is concentrated, and to the residueis poured ether to precipitate a solid. The solid is washed twice withether and dried to obtain 320 mg of solid product. This solid product isdissolved in an excess amount of aq. sodium bicarbonate solution andpurified with a column of Amberlite XAD-2. The fractions eluted withwater is lyophilized to obtain sodium7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate.This product is identical with the compound obtained in Example 47 inall respects.

EXAMPLE 51

To a solution of 18.7 g of ethyl α-ethoxyimino-β-oxobutyrate in 100 mlof chloroform gradually is dropwise added a solution of 15.9 g ofbromine in 20 ml of chloroform under ice-cooling. The solution isstirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature and further for 1.5 hoursat room temperature. The reaction mixture is washed with water, aq.sodium bicarbonate solution and then water in this order, followed bydrying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The dried solution is subjectedto the evaporation of the solvent, and to the residue is added 250 ml ofethanol and 15.2 g of thiourea. Thus mixture is refluxed for 2 hours andcooled, followed by the distillation of the solvent under reducedpressure. To the residue is added 250 ml of water to precipitate a solidwhich is collected by means of filtration and washed with water anddried. The procedure gives 17.9 g of ethylα-ethoxyimino-2-aminothiazol-4-ylacetate hydrobromide. Yield 55%.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₉ H₁₄ N₃ O₃ SBr: C, 33.34; H, 4.35; N, 12.96.Found C, 32.52; H, 3.98; N, 12.92.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 1.30 and 1.32(6H, two t, CH₃ CH₂), 4.28 and4.37(4H, two q, CH₃ CH₂), 7.63(1H, S, thiazole ring proton), 9.12(2H,broad S, NH₂).

EXAMPLE 52

To a solution of 2.43 g of ethylα-ethoxyimino-2-aminothiazol-4-ylacetate hydrobromide in 25 ml ofanhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide is added 1.43 g of chloroacetyl chlorideunder cooling and stirring. The solution is stirred for 30 minutes underice-cooling and then for 30 minutes at room temperature. To the reactionmixture is added 150 ml of ethyl acetate and the mixture is repeatedlywashed with saturated aq. NaCl solution. The ethyl acetate layer isdried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and subjected to thedistillation of the solvent under reduced pressure. To the residue isadded water to precipitate solid material. The solid is collected byfiltration and dried. The procedure gives 1.90 g of ethylα-ethoxyimino-2-(chloroacetamino)thiazol-4-ylacetate. Yield 79%.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 1.24 and 1.27(6H, two t, CH₃ CH₂), 4.22(4H,two q, CH₃ CH₂), 4.30(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO), 7.99(1H, S, thiazole ringproton).

EXAMPLE 53

1.06 g of ethyl α-ethoxyimino-2-(chloroacetylamino)thiazol-4-ylacetateis suspended in a solution of 0.94 g of potassium hydroxide in a mixtureof 40 ml of ethanol and 2 ml of water and the suspension is stirred atroom temperature to make it to be a solution, followed by furtherstirring for 45 minutes at room temperature. The reaction solution issubjected to the distillation of ethanol under reduced pressure and theresidue is adjusted to pH 2.0 with 1N hydrochloric acid underice-cooling, to precipitate crystals. The crystals are filtered, washedwith water and dried. The procedure yields 0.88 g ofα-ethoxyimino-2-(chloroacetylamino)thiazol-4-ylacetic acid. Yield 91%.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₉ H₁₀ N₃ O₄ SCl: C, 37.05; H, 3.45; N, 14.41.Found: C, 37.17; H, 3.44; N, 14.09.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 1.28(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂), 4.22(2H, q, CH₃ CH₂),4.32(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO), 8.00(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 54

(1) To a solution of 5.03 g of N-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)thioureaand 5.32 g of ethyl α-ethoxyimino-β-oxo-γ-bromobutyrate in 50 ml ofethanol is added 3.03 g of N,N-dimethylaniline and the mixture is heatedfor 2 hours in water bath of 80° C. The reaction solution is subjectedto the distillation of ethanol and the residue is dissolved in ethylacetate. The ethyl acetate solution is washed with dilute hydrochloricacid and then water, and dried, followed by the distillation of thesolvent to give 7.85 g of ethylα-(2-β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylaminothiazol-4-yl)-α-ethoxyiminoacetateas an oil.

(2) To a solution of 2.00 g of ethylα-(2-β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylaminothiazol-4-yl)-α-ethoxyiminoacetatein 40 ml of methanol is added 20 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide. The solutionis stirred for 2 hours at 50° C. and concentrated. To the concentrate isadded 50 ml of water and thus obtained solution is washed twice withethyl acetate. Aqueous layer is adjusted to pH 2.0 with 3N hydrochloricacid to separate white solid. The white solid is filtered, washed withwater and dried to give 1.40 g ofα-ethoxyimino-2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-ylaceticacid. Yield 74.9%.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₀ H₁₀ N₃ O₅ SCl₃ : C, 30.75; H, 2.58; N, 10.76.Found C, 30.87; H, 2.41; N, 10.66.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 1.13(3H, t, CH₃ CH₂), 4.06(2H, q, CH₃ CH₂),4.90(2H, S, Cl₃ CCH₂ O), 7.40(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 55

To a suspension of 6.0 g of7α-methoxy-7β-amino-3-desacetoxycephalosporanic acid t-butyl ester in180 ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide is added under stirring 8.25 g ofpowdered2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl-α-hydroxyacetic acidcyclic carboxyanhydride and then further stirred for one hour. Thereaction mixture is shaken well with 500 ml of ethyl acetate and theorganic layer is washed with water, 5% sodium bicarbonate aq. solutionand saturated aq. NaCl solution in this order, followed by drying overanhydrous magnesium sulfate. The ethyl acetate layer is subjected to thedistillation of ethyl acetate to give 10.2 g of crude7α-methoxy-7β-[2-(β,β,β-trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl-α-hydroxyacetamido]-3-desacetoxycephalosporanicacid t-butyl ester as an oil. To a solution of this oily product in 400ml of 90% formic acid is added 10 g of zinc dust under cooling andstirring and the mixture is reacted for 2 hours. After insolublematerials are filtered off, the filtrate is added to 200 ml of saturatedNaCl aq. solution, and the resultant solution is extracted with ethylacetate. The ethyl acetate layer is washed with water and dried,followed by the distillation of ethyl acetate to obtain 5.3 g of crude7α-methoxy-7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-α-hydroxyacetamido]-3-desacetoxycephalosporanicacid t-butyl ester as an oil.

This oily product is added to a mixture of 25 ml of trifluoroacetic acidand 25 ml of anisole under ice-cooling, and the mixture is stirred for30 minutes under the same condition. To the reaction mixture is poured200 ml of absolute ether, and resulting precipitates are collected bymeans of filtration. The precipitates are dissolved in 30 ml of 5%sodium bicarbonate aq. solution, and thus obtained solution is passedthrough a column of Amberlite XAD-2, followed by elution with water. Theprocedure yields 525 mg. of sodium7α-methoxy-7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-α-hydroxyacetamido]-3-desacetoxycephalosporanateas a powder.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₄ H₁₅ O₆ N₄ S₂ Na-2H₂ O: C, 36.67; H, 4.17; N,12.22. Found C, 36.23; H, 4.38; N, 11.97.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, CF₃ COOD): 2.15(3H, S, 3--CH₃), 3.45(3H, S, 7--OCH₃),6.25(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 56

To a solution of 27.3 g of ethyl α-methoxyimino-β-oxobutyrate in 120 mlof chloroform is dropwise added a solution of 25.3 g of bromine in 30 mlof chloroform over a period of 30 minutes. The solution is stirred for 1hour at room temperature, and washed with dilute sodium bicarbonate aq.solution and water and dried. The dried solution is subjected to thedistillation of the solvent to give an oily crude product of ethylα-methoxyimino-β-oxo-γ-bromobutyrate. The crude product is dissolved in250 ml of ethanol and 24 g of thiourea is added thereto, followed byrefluxing for 3 hours. After cooling, the precipitates are collected byfiltration, washed with ethanol and then suspended in 300 ml of amixture of ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran (1:1). To the suspension isadded to 200 ml of 10% sodium bicarbonate aq. solution and the mixtureis thoroughly shaken. The organic layer is dried and subjected to thedistillation of the solvent to give crystal, followed by washing withether. The procedure gives 16.86 g of ethylα-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetate. Melting point: 112°-113°C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₈ H₁₁ N₃ O₃ S: C, 41.91; H, 4.84. Found: C,41.20; H, 4.70.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CDCl₃): 4.04(3H, S, OCH₃), 7.44(1H, S, thiazole ringproton).

EXAMPLE 57

To a solution of 10 g of ethylα-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetate in 100 ml ofdimethylacetamide is dropwise added 5.91 g of chloroacetyl chlorideunder ice-cooling. After the stirring for 1 hour at room temperature,the reaction mixture is poured into ice-water and the resultant solutionis extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed and dried,followed by the distillation of solvent to give 12.66 g of ethylα-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetate as a crystal.Melting point: 81°-82° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₀ H₁₂ N₃ O₄ SCl: C, 39.29; H, 3.96. Found: C,38.74; H, 3.58.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CDCl₃): 4.10(3H, S, OCH₃), 4.24(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO--)7.94(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 58

12.66 g of ethylα-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetate is added to asolution of 11.74 g of potassium hydroxide in a mixture of 25 ml ofwater and 500 ml of ethanol. After stirring for 20 minutes at roomtemperature, the reaction solution is subjected to the distillation ofethanol under reduced pressure. The residue is added to water, and theresultant solution is made acidic with addition of N-hydrochloric acid,followed by separating the insoluble materials by filtration. Theprocedure yields 10.54 g ofα-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetate. Meltingpoint: 182°-183° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₈ H₈ N₃ O₄ SCl: C, 34.60; H, 2.90; N, 15.13.Found: C, 34.53; H, 3.00; N, 14.80.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 4.00(3H, S, OCH₃), 4.38(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO),8.00(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 59

To a suspension of 555.4 mg ofα-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetic acid in 5 ml ofmethylene chloride is added 416.3 mg of phosphorus pentachloride underice-cooling. The resultant solution is stirred for 30 minutes, andn-hexane is added thereto to precipitate 620 mg ofα-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetyl chloridehydrochloric acid salt.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₈ H₇ N₃ O₃ SCl₂.HCl: C, 28.89; H, 2.42; N, 12.63.Found: C, 28.35; H, 2.81; N, 12.00.

5.26 g of the above-mentioned salt is added under ice-cooling to asolution of 2.66 g of pyridine and 4 g of 7-aminocephalosporanic acidt-butyl ester in 60 ml of methylene chloride. After the stirring for 1hour at room temperature, 60 ml of chloroform is added to the reactionmixture and the resultant solution is washed twice with 0.5Nhydrochloric acid and then with water. After drying, the solution issubjected to the distillation to obtain 5 g of white powder of7β-{α-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-cephalosporanicacid t-butyl ester. Melting point: 126°-127° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₂₂ H₂₆ N₅ O₈ S₃ Cl: C, 44.93; H, 4.46; N, 11.91.Found: C, 44.74; H, 4.64; N, 11.61.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.50(9H, S, t--C₄ H₉), 2.10(3H, S, CH₃ CO),4.10(3H, S, OCH₃), 4.28(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO), 7.84(1H, S, thiazole ringproton).

EXAMPLE 60

5 g of7β-{α-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}cephalosporanicacid t-butyl ester obtained in Example 59, 970.5 mg of thiourea and 250mg. of triethylbenzylammonium bromide are dissolved in a mixture of 25ml of ethanol and 500 ml of tetrahydrofuran. The solution is stirred atroom temperature through a night. The reaction mixture is poured into100 ml of 10% sodium bicarbonate aq. solution and extracted with ethylacetate. The ethyl acetate layer is separated and concentrated. The oilyconcentrate is subjected to column chromatography packed with silica gelto obtain 2.23 g of7β-[α-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporanic acidt-butyl ester as a powder.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.54(9H, S, t--C₄ H₉), 2.08(3H, S, CH₃ CO),4.12(3H, S, OCH₃), 7.45(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

This powder is dissolved in a mixture of 1.6 ml of anisole and 16 ml oftrifluoroacetic acid and the solution is stirred for 2 hours at roomtemperature, followed by the addition of 200 ml of a mixture of etherand hexane (10:1) to precipitate7β-[α-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporanic acidtrifluoroacetic acid salt which is collected by filtration and washedwith ether. Yield 1.45 g.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CF₃ COOH): 1.85(3H, S, CH₃ CO), 4.00(3H, S, OCH₃),7.74(1H, s, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 61

A solution of 450 mg of7β-[α-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporanic acidtrifluoroacetic acid salt and 170 mg of sodium bicarbonate in 5 ml ofwater is passed through a column of Amberlite XAD-2 and eluted withwater. The procedure yields 141 mg of sodium7β-[α-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporanate.Melting point: 162°-163° C. (dec.).

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₅ O₇ S₂ Na.2H₂ O: C, 37.43; H, 3.93; N,13.64. Found: C, 37.10; H, 4.13; N, 13.34.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, D₂ O): 2.17(3H, S, CH₃ CO), 4.13(3H, S, OCH₃),7.58(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 62

7β-[α-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporanic acidtrifluoroacetic acid salt is dissolved in a solution of 272 mg of1-methyl-5-mercapto-1H-tetrazole, 555 mg. of sodium bicarbonate and 68mg of triethylbenzylammonium bromide in 10 ml of water. The solution isheated at 60° C. in nitrogen atmosphere for 6 hours. After cooling, thereaction solution is passed through a column of Amberlite XAD-2 andeluted with water and then with 2.5% ethanol. The procedure yieldssodium7β-[α-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamodo]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate.Melting point: 174°-175° C.(dec.).

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₉ O₅ S₃ Na.2H₂ O: C, 33.74; H, 3.54; N,22.13. Found: C, 34.25; H, 3.81; N, 21.69.

NMR(ppm, 100 MHz, D₂ O): 4.10(3H, S, N--CH₃), 4.14(3H, S, OCH₃),7.58(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

The above-mentioned procedure gives a small amount of sodium7β-[α-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamodo]-3-desacetylcephalosporanateas a by-product.

Melting point: 195°-196° C.(dec.).

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₄ H₁₄ N₅ O₆ S₂ Na.3H₂ O: C, 34.35; H, 4.11; N,14.30. Found: C, 34.43; H, 4.13; N, 13.14.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, D₂ O): 4.04(3H, S, OCH₃), 7.46(1H, S, thiazole ringproton), 3.52(2H, q, 2--CH₂).

EXAMPLE 63

To a suspension of 3.4 g of7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid in 25 ml of dimethylacetamide is added 2.0 g ofα-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetyl chloridehydrochloric acid salt under stirring. After the further stirring for 12hours at room temperature, the reaction mixture is poured into water andextracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract is washed withwater and dried and subjected to the distillation of the solvent. To theresidue is added ethyl acetate and insoluble materials are filtered off.The filtrate is contentrated under reduced pressure to obtain crudeproduct 1.114 g of7β-{α-methoxyimino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid as an oil. The oily product is dissolved in 20 ml of a mixture ofethanol and tetrahydrofuran (1:1) and to the solution is added 430 mg ofthiourea, followed by stirring for 15 hours at room temperature. Thereaction solution is concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure andto the residue is added 10 ml of water, followed by stirring toprecipitate insoluble materials. The insoluble materials is collected byfiltration and dissolved in 10% sodium bicarbonate aq. solution. Thesolution is passed through a column of Amberlite XAD-2, and eluted withwater and then with 2.5 ethanol to obtain sodium7β-[α-methoxyimino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate.This product is identical with the compound obtained in Example 62 inall respects.

EXAMPLE 64

A solution of 10.45 g ofα-ethoxyimino-α-[2-(trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid ethyl ester in a mixture of 10% hydrochloric acid and ethanol iscatalytic-hydrogenated over 8.0 g of 5% palladium on charcoal at roomtemperature under atomospheric pressure. After the absorption of twoequivalents of hydrogen, the catalyst in the reaction mixture isfiltered off and the filtrate is concentrated to dryness under reducedpressure. By the procedure, 7.43 g ofα-amino-α-[2-(trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetic acidethyl ester hydrochloric acid salt is obtained (yield, 72%). Thisproduct is suspended in ethyl acetate and the obtained suspension iswashed with saturated sodium bicarbonate aq. solution, washed with waterand dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The oily product obtained bythe distillation of the solvent, is dissolved in 60 ml ofN,N-dimethylformamide and, to the solution is added 4.2 g oftetramethylguanidine and then 3.94 g of t-butyloxycarbonylazide,followed by the stirring for 15 hours at room temperature. The reactionmixture is poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer is washed with 1N hydrochloric acid and then saturatedNaCl aq. solution and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The oilyproduct obtained by the distillation of the solvent is purified by acolumn chromatography packed with silica gel. The procedure gives 4.06 gofα-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-[2-(trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid ethyl ester (yield, 46.5%). Melting point: 94°-95° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₅ H₂₀ N₃ O₆ SCl₃ : C, 37.79; H, 4.23; N, 8.81.Found: C, 37.64; H, 4.28; N, 8.73.

EXAMPLE 65

To a solution of 2.80 g ofα-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-[2-(trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)thiazol-4-yl]aceticacid ethyl ester in 60 ml of 90% formic acid is added 2.80 g of zincdust under cooling and stirring. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour andzinc dust is filtered off. The filtrate is poured into water and theresultant solution is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer iswashed with saturated sodium bicarbonate aq. solution and then water,and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The distillation of thesolvent gives 1.26 g (yield, 71.2%) ofα-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetic acid ethyl esteras crystals. Melting point: 143°-144° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₂ H₁₉ N₃ O₄ S: C, 47.83; H, 6.35; N, 13.95.Found: C, 47.79; H, 6.27; N, 13.70.

EXAMPLE 66

To a solution of 1.26 g ofα-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetic acid ethyl esterin 5 ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide is added 708 mg of chloroacetylchloride under stirring. After the stirring for further 1 hour at roomtemperature, the reaction solution is poured into water and extractedwith ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with saturated sodiumbicarbonate aq. solution and then water and dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate. The distillation of the solvent gives 1.435 g ofα-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetic acidethyl ester as crystals (yield, 90.8%). Melting point: 192°-193° C.

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₄ H₂₀ ClN₃ O₅ S: C, 44.50; H, 5.34; N, 11.12.Found: C, 44.87; H, 5.55; N, 10.94.

EXAMPLE 67

To a solution of 920 mg ofα-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetic acidethyl ester in 20 ml of ethanol is added 1.4 ml of aqueous solutioncontaining 681 mg of potassium hydroxide and the mixture is stirred for15 minutes at room temperature. The reaction solution is concentrated todryness under reduced pressure and the residue is dissolved in water.The aqueous solution is adjusted to pH 2.0 with 1N hydrochloric acid andextracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with water anddried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent is distilled toobtain 690 mg ofα-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-[2-(chloroacetamino)thiazol-4-yl]acetic acidas crystals (yield, 81%). Melting point: 169°-170° C.(dec.).

Analysis - Calcd. for C₁₂ H₁₆ ClN₃ O₅ S: C, 41.21; H, 4.61; N, 12.01.Found: C, 41.40; H, 4.68; N, 11.74.

EXAMPLE 68

To a suspension of 349 mg ofα-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetic acidin 5 ml of methylene chloride is added 249 mg of phosphorouspentachloride, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature. Themixture is added dropwise under stirring to the solution of 494 mg of7β-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid diphenylmethyl ester dissolved in 5 ml of methylene chloride,followed by the addition of 474 mg of pyridine. After that, the stirringis continued for further 1 hour at room temperature. The reactionsolution is washed with 0.5N hydrochloric acid and then with water, anddried. The oily product obtained by the distillation of the solvent ispurified by a column chromatography packed with silica gel. Theprocedure gives 513 mg of7β-{α-t-butyloxycarbonylamino-α-[2-(chloroacetamido)thiazol-4-yl]acetamido}-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid diphenylmethyl ester.

To a solution of 407 mg of this product in 40 ml of a mixture oftetrahydrofuran and ethanol (1:1) is added 152 mg of thiourea, and themixture is stirred for 15 hours under reduced pressure and the presidueis dissolved in ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution is washed withwater and then dried. The oily product obtained by the distillation ofthe solvent is dissolved in 5 ml of a mixture of trifluoroacetic acidand anisole (10:1), and the solution is stirred for 2 hours at roomtemperature, followed by pouring into 50 ml of ether to precipitate acrystalline product. The crystalline product is collected by filtrationto give7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid trifluoroacetic acid salt. This product is dissolved in 5% sodiumbicarbonate aq. solution and the solution is passed through a column ofAmberlite XAD-2, followed by the elution with water. The procedure gives103 mg of sodium7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate.This product is identical with the compound obtained in Example 47 inall respects.

EXAMPLE 69

To a solution of 11 g of 2-aminothiazol-4-ylglycine ethyl ester in 100ml of dimethylacetamide is added dropwise 17 g of chloroacetyl chloridefor 40 minutes under ice-cooling and the mixture is stirred at roomtemperature over a night. To the reaction mixture is added 200 ml ofice-water and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organiclayer is washed with water, dried and concentrated to obtain 14.8 g of2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-yl N-chloroacetylglycine ethyl ester ascolorless crystals. Melting point: 102.5°-103.5° C.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, CDCl₃): 4.16(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO), 4.32(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO),5.74(1H, d, ##STR17## 7.14(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 70

To a solution of 3.54 g of 2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-ylN-chloroacetylglycine ethyl ester in 30 ml of ethanol is added dropwisea solution of 1.68 g of potassium hydroxide in 15 ml of water underice-cooling, followed by the stirring for 15 minutes. Ethanol isdistilled under reduced pressure and the residue is made acidic with 10%hydrochloric acid, followed by the extraction with ethyl acetate. Theethyl acetate layer is washed with water and dried. The distillation ofethyl acetate gives 2.38 g of 2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-ylN-chloroacetylglycine as colorless crystals. Melting point: 184°-186° C.

NMR(ppm, 60 MHz, d₆ -DMSO): 4.36(2H, S, ClCH₂ CO), 4.58(2H, S, ClCH₂CO), 5.66(1H, d, ##STR18## 7.40(1H, S, thiazole ring proton).

EXAMPLE 71

To a suspension of 752 mg of 2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4ylN-chloroacetylglycine in 10 ml of methylene chloride is added 499 mg ofphosphorous pentachloride. The mixture is homogenized under stirring atroom temperature. The homogenized mixture is added to a suspension of600 mg of7β-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid suspended in 10 ml of dimethylacetamide and the resultant mixtureis stirred for 5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture ispoured into ice-water and the mixture is made acidic with 10%hydrochloric acid, followed by the extraction with ethyl acetate. Afterwashed with water and dried, the extract is subjected to distillation togive crude product of7β-[(2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-yl)-N-chloroacetylglycylamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid as an oil. The crude product is dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol andto the solution is added 456 mg of thiourea, followed by stirring for 15hours at room temperature. Ethanol is distilled off under reducedpressure and the residue is dissolved in 5% sodium bicarbonate aq.solution, which is passed through a column of Amberlite XAD-2, followedby elution with water to obtain 113 mg of sodium7β-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glycylamido]-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid. This product is identical with the compound obtained in Example 47in all respects.

EXAMPLE 72

(1) In 15 ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide is dissolved 762 mg of7-aminocephalosporanic acid and, under ice-cooling, 931 mg of2-(2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl chloridehydrochloride is added. The mixture is stirred under ice-cooling for 15minutes and at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture isdiluted with 10 ml of water and extracted with 100 ml portions of ethylacetate. The extracts are pooled, washed with 100 ml of a saturatedaqueous solution of sodium chloride and dried. The ethyl acetate isdistilled off to obtain 1.4 g of7-[2-(2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-cephalosporanicacid as an oil.

(2) In 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran is dissolved the entire amount of theabove product, followed by the addition of 500 mg of thiourea and, then,of 895 mg of sodium acetate trihydrate. The mixture is stirred at roomtemperature for 4 hours. The resultant precipitate is collected byfiltration, washed with ether and dissolved in 6 ml of water. Thesolution is adjusted to pH about 7.0 with sodium hydrogen carbonate andpurified by means of column chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2. By theabove procedure is obtained 78 mg of sodium7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]cephalosporanate aswhite powder.

Elemental analysis, for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₅ O₇ S₂ Na.2.5H₂ O Calcd. C, 36.78; H,4.05; N, 13.40. Found C, 36.93; H, 3.80; N, 12.68.

NMR spectrum (60 MHz, in D₂ O): 2.07 ppm(3H, singlet, COCH₃), 3.53ppm(2H, quartet, 2--CH₂), 3.98 ppm(3H, singlet, ═NOCH₃), 4.75 ppm(2H,quartet, 3--CH₂), 5.21 ppm(1H, doublet, 6-H), 5.81(1H, doublet, 7-H),7.01 ppm(1H, singlet, thiazole 5-H).

EXAMPLE 73

(1) To a suspension of 55.6 g of2-(2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetic acid in 600 ml ofmethylene chloride is added 24.3 g of triethylamine to obtain asolution. Under ice-cooling and stirring, 41.8 g of phosphoruspentachloride is added in two doses to the above solution. After 5minutes the ice-bath is removed and the mixture is stirred at roomtemperature for 20 minutes, after which it is concentrated under reducedpressure. To the residue is added 1 l of hexane, followed bydecantations (twice). After addition of 600 ml of anhydroustetrahydrofuran, the precipitated triethylamine hydrochloride isfiltered off, whereupon a solution of2-(2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino-acetyl chloride intetrahydrofuran is obtained.

On the other hand, to a suspension of 54.7 g of7-amino-3-carbamoyloxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid in a mixture of400 ml water and 400 ml tetrahydrofuran is added 61 g of triethylamineunder ice-cooling to prepare a homogeneous solution. Under ice-cooling,the previously prepared acid chloride solution is added dropwise to theabove solution over a period of 30 minutes. The mixture is stirred atroom temperature for 2 hours, after which a saturated aqueous solutionof sodium chloride is added. The mixture is adjusted to pH about 2 withdilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethylacetate layer is washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodiumchloride, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to obtain 97.3 gof7-[2-(2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-carbamoyloxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylicacid.

NMR spectrum (60 MHz, in d₆ -DMSO): 3.56 ppm(2H, broad singlet, 2--CH₂),3.93 ppm(3H, singlet, OCH₃), 4.35 ppm(2H, singlet, ClCH₂ CO), 4.78ppm(2H, quartet, 3--CH₂), 5.19 ppm(1H, doublet, 6-H), 5.84 ppm(1H,doublet×2. 7-H), 6.56 ppm(2H, singlet, OCONH₂), 7.46 ppm(1H, singlet,thiazole 5-H).

(2) 97.3 g of the product prepared as above (1) is dissolved in 500 mlof N,N-dimethylacetamide and, under ice-cooling, to the solution isadded 31.2 g of thiourea. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for15 hours. To this reaction mixture is added 2 l of ether and then, theoily product is separated. A suspension of this oily product in 300 mlof water is adjusted to pH 7.0 with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Thusobtained solution is passed through a column packed with AmberliteXAD-2. By this purification procedure is obtained 20.2 g of sodium7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino-acetamido]-3-carbamoyloxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylateas white powders.

Elemental analysis, for C₁₅ H₁₅ N₆ O₇ S₂ Na.3H₂ O Calcd. C, 33.84; H,3.98; N, 15.78. Found C, 33.94; H, 3.82; N, 15.42.

NMR spectrum (60 MHz, in D₂ O): 3.47 ppm(2H, quartet, 2--CH₂), 3.92ppm(3H, singlet, ═NOCH₃), 4.68 ppm(2H, quartet, --CH₂ OCONH₂), 5.27ppm(1H, doublet, 6-H), 5.72 ppm(1H, doublet, 7-H), 6.95 ppm(1H, singlet,thiazole 5-H).

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula: ##STR19## wherein R⁴is a residue of a nucleophilic compound and R⁵ is hydroxyl or protectedhydroxyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
 2. Theester according to claim 1, of the 4-carboxyl group selected from thegroup consisting of alkoxymethyl, α-alkoxyethyl, α-alkoxy-α-substitutedmethyl, alkylthiomethyl, acyloxymethyl or α-acyloxy-α-substitutedmethyl.
 3. The ester of claim 2, wherein R⁵ is protected hydroxyl. 4.The ester of claim 3, wherein the protected hydroxyl is a lower alkoxy.5. The ester of claim 4, wherein the lower alkoxy is methoxy.